http://hometestingblog.testcountry.com/?p=22962

Filed under Health & Wellness by Lena Butler

The introduction of smoke-free laws in Olmsted County, Minnesota in 2002 has led to a decrease in the cases of heart attacks and sudden cardiac deaths, according to a new study conducted by the Mayo Clinic researchers.

“We now know that not only do smoke-free workplace laws help avoid having a heart attack, but they also reduce the chances of having sudden cardiac death,” lead researcher Dr. Richard Hurt, director of Mayo Clinic’s Nicotine Dependence Center, said in a news release. “Those are both very dramatic things that have a very big impact on workers as well as patrons.”

The team looked into the relationship of smoke-free workplaces and restaurants in Olmsted County and the incidence of heart attacks and sudden cardiac death before and after the passage of smoking bans. They found that 18 months before the county’s first smoke-free ordinance for restaurants went into effect in 2002, the regional incidence of heart attack was 212.3 cases per 100,000 residents. However, 18 months after the implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in 2007, that rate dropped by about 45 percent — 102.9 per 100,000 residents.

In addition, the incidence of sudden cardiac death fell from 152.5 to 76.6 per 100,000 residents, a 50 percent reduction, during that same period.

Dangers of exposure to secondhand smoke has been well documented in a string of past research. Apart from raising the risk of heart diseases, secondhand smoke is noted for increasing an individual’s risk to develop lung cancer, asthma, and lower respiratory tract infections. According to the American Cancer Society, secondhand smoke in the U.S. alone is responsible for an estimated 46,000 deaths (every year) from heart disease in people who are current non-smokers. Similarly, about 3,400 non-smoking adults succumb to lung cancer because of secondhand smoke.

http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/gats/en/index.html

GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey)

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/37380586/ns/health-addictions/t/report-tobacco-firms-target-women/

“Tobacco companies target women and girls with aggressive and seductive advertising that exploits ideas of independence, emancipation, sex appeal, slimness, glamour and beauty,” Johanna Birckmayer, director of international research at the U.S.-based Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, said in an e-mail.

Tobacco Industry Targeting of Women and Girls – Campaign for …

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During that era, cigarette companies began to target women more directly, using … Cigarette advertising continued to target women throughout the 1950s and …

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How women are targeted by the tobacco industry – libdoc.who.int …

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by A Amos – 1990 – Cited by 19 – Related articles
Women represent a fresh and lucrative target group for the tobacco industry, which has learned to tailor its products and promotion to women’s presumed tastes.

2.    Lung cancer rates soaring for women after tobacco manufacturers …

www.dailymail.co.uk/…/Lung-cancer-rates-soaring-women–tobacco–…

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11 Nov 2012 – Researchers from Kings College, London, predict that within the next 30 years the number of women with lung cancer will more than treble, …

3.    Cancer tragedy of the women targeted by cigarette adverts in post …

www.dailymail.co.uk/…/Cancer-tragedy-women–targeted–cigarette-ad…

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29 Feb 2012 – More British women will die from lung cancer this year than any other cancer. Although UK rates of breast cancer remain among the highest in …

4.    WHO seeks clampdown on tobacco ads targeting women | Reuters

www.reuters.com/…/us-tobacco-smoking-idUSTRE64R4S020… – Cached

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28 May 2010 – GENEVA (Reuters) – The World Health Organization called on Friday for more action against tobacco advertising that targets women and girls, …

5.    WHO takes aim at tobacco ads targeting women | Europe | DW.DE …

www.dw.de/who…aim…tobacco…targeting–women/a-563419… – Cached

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31 May 2010 – The tobacco industry is trying to convert more women to smoking, says the World Health Organization. On this year’s World No Tobacco Day, …

6.    Claim that tobacco industry targets women & girls – RTÉ News

www.rte.ie/news/…/cancer-tobacco–women-girls-smoking.htm… – Cached

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4 Jul 2012 – The Irish Cancer Society has claimed that the tobacco industry is aggressively targeting women and girls in the hope of recruiting more …

7.    Tobacco companies target women – Health News | TVNZ

tvnz.co.nz/health…/tobacco-companies-target–women-357056… – CachedSimilar

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28 May 2010 – Tobacco companies are finding ways to market their products to women despite advertising restrictions, according to new research published …

8.    Women now main target of tobacco firms

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19 May 2010 – The number of female smokers in the country may see a sharp rise as Chinese women have become the main target of tobacco companies

1.    tobacco industry targeting of women and girls – Florida Department …

www.doh.state.fl.us/chdCharlotte/…/Women_smoking_facts.pdf

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During that era, cigarette companies began to target women more directly, using … Cigarette advertising continued to target women throughout the 1950s and …

2.    Tobacco advertisements targeted on women: creating an awareness …

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21739895

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by D Kaleta – 2011 – Cited by 2 – Related articles
Tobacco advertisements targeted on women: creating an awareness among women. Kaleta D, Usidame B, Polańska K. Department of Preventive Medicine, …

3.    Tobacco companies now target female smokers – News – nation.co.ke

www.nation.co.ke/…/Tobacco…target–female…/-/index.html – Cached

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Multinational tobacco companies are now targeting the lucrative female market, a Cabinet minister has said.

4.    Tobacco company criticised for targeting women | Women’s Views …

www.womensviewsonnews.org/…/tobacco-company-criticised… – Cached

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1 Jun 2011 – A doctor at Wansbeck Hospital in Northumberland has condemned the British American Tobacco company for targeting their new cigarette …

5.    Targeting Women and Girls – TobaccoTactics

www.tobaccotactics.org/index…/Targeting_Women_and_Girl… – Cached

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3 Oct 2012 – “Throughout all our packaging qualitative research, we continue to validate that women are particularly involved with the aesthetics of …

6.    Tobacco firms must not target female smokers – Editorial, Opinion …

www.independent.ie › Opinion › Editorial

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5 Jul 2012 – The allegation by the Irish Cancer Society that the tobacco industry is aggressively targeting women will come as no surprise. Anyone, smoker …

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Empower Women : combatting tobacco industry marketing in the …

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industry to female smokers. The industry has taken a tailored approach to targeting women and girls in their campaigns, and the tobacco control community …

Deadly in Pink Report – American Lung Association

www.lung.org/assets/documents/publications/…/deadly-in-pink.pdf

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Deadly in Pink: Big Tobacco Steps Up Its Targeting of Women and Girls ……………… 1-5. • New Wave of Cigarette Marketing Targeting Women and Girls.

1.    Emotions for sale: cigarette advertising and women’s psychosocial …

tobaccocontrol.bmj.com › Volume 14, Issue 2Similar

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Although tobacco advertising targeting women has been documented,5 less is known about how needs satisfaction messages effectively promote smoking to …

2.    Blow some my way – Stanford Research into the Impact of Tobacco …

tobacco.stanford.edu/tobacco…/images.php?…Targeting%20… – Cached

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Brand: Chesterfield Manufacturer: Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company Campaign: Mass Marketing Begins Theme: Targeting Women

1.    AMA: Big Tobacco’s Ads Still Target Women — re> WASHINGTON …

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AMA: Big Tobacco’s Ads Still Target Women. Surgeon General Releases Report on Women and Tobacco .

2.    Tobacco’s New Target: Women in Developing Countries | PR Watch

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3 May 2010 – As smoking rates decline in the developed world, tobacco companies are searching for new markets, and they are finding them in developing …

3.    Tobacco firms target young girls

www.ukctcs.org/ukctcs/news/slimlinepacks.aspx – Cached

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9 Jul 2012 – PROFIT-MAKING tobacco companies get around strict advertising bans by targeting young girls and women with sophisticated marketing ploys, …

1.    TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS TARGETED ON WOMEN …

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Tobacco companies have invented various ways to target women through tobacco … However, the tobacco industry has targeted women in promotional …

2.    From social taboo to “torch of freedom” – Tobacco Control – BMJ

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by A Amos – 2000 – Cited by 142 – Related articles
There is little evidence that tobacco companies directly targeted women to any significant extent at this time or attempted to challenge the dominant social stigma …

3.    Tobacco companies “targeting Irish women and girls”

www.thejournal.ie/tobacco-companies-targeting-iris… – Cached

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by Susan Daly – in 41 Google+ circles 4 Jul 2012 – Conference to hear that ‘slim’ cigarette products are deliberately trying to link weight loss and smoking in women’s minds

1.    The packaging of tobacco products – Cancer Research UK

www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/pressoffice/CR_086687

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The report explores the role that packaging plays for tobacco products. It was written by Allison … 3.3.4.2 Female targeted products. 25. 3.3.5

1.    Women and tobacco | Cancer Council NSW

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(2); As women’s smoking in developed countries is in decline, tobacco companies have now begun to target women in developing countries, where there are …

2.

Why Women and Girls Use Tobacco – World Health Organization

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of the tobacco industry. Marketing Tobacco to. Women in the United States. The rich history of the tobacco industry’s targeted marketing to women in the United …

3.    Tobacco & Women – Partnership for a Tobacco-free Maine

www.tobaccofreemaine.org/channels/special…/women.php – Cached

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Women have been extensively targeted in tobacco marketing. Tobacco companies have long produced brands specifically for women, and slick ads that exploit …

4.    Targets of Cigarette Advertising

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Young people have always been an important target of the tobacco industry … Certainly these older women are meant to represent mothers, teachers, and other …

http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/tobaccousepregnancy/

Most people know that smoking causes cancer, heart disease, and other major health problems. But women who smoke during pregnancy put themselves and their unborn babies at risk for other health problems. The dangers of smoking during pregnancy include premature birth (being born too early), certain birth defects, and infant death.

• Smoking makes it harder for a woman to get pregnant.
• Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely than other women to have a miscarriage.
• Smoking can cause problems with the placenta—the source of the baby’s food and oxygen during pregnancy. For example, the placenta can separate from the womb too early, causing bleeding, which is dangerous to the mother and baby.
• Smoking during pregnancy can cause a baby to be born too early or to have low birth weight—making it more likely the baby will be sick and have to stay in the hospital longer. A few babies may even die.
• Smoking during and after pregnancy is a risk factor of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), deaths among babies of no immediately obvious cause.
• Babies born to women who smoke are more likely to have certain birth defects, like a cleft lip or cleft palate.

How Many Women Smoke During Pregnancy?

According to the 2008 Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from 29 states—

• Approximately 13% of women reported smoking during the last three months of pregnancy.
• Of women who smoked 3 months before pregnancy, 45% quit during pregnancy. Among women who quit smoking during pregnancy, 50% relapsed within 6 months after delivery.

For more statistics on smoking during pregnancy see: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) and Smoking, Data from 2000–2008.

What Are the Benefits of Quitting?

Quitting smoking will help you feel better and provide a healthier environment for your baby.

When you stop smoking—

• Your baby will get more oxygen, even after just one day of not smoking.
• There is less risk that your baby will be born too early.
• There is a better chance that your baby will come home from the hospital with you.
• You will be less likely to develop heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, chronic lung disease, and other smoke-related diseases.
• You will be more likely to live to know your grandchildren.
• You will have more energy and breathe more easily.
• You will have more money that you can spend on other things.
• Your clothes, hair, and home will smell better.
• Your food will taste better.
• You will feel good about what you have done for yourself and your baby.

Quitting Smoking Can Be Hard, But It Is One of the Best Ways a Woman Can Protect Herself and Her Baby’s Health.

If you or someone you know wants to quit smoking, talk to your health care provider about strategies. For support in quitting, including free quit coaching, a free quit plan, free educational materials, and referrals to local resources, please call 1-800-QUIT-NOW (1-800-784-8669); TTY 1-800-332-8615.

More free help and support resources are available for pregnant women and others who want to quit for good.

What Are the Effects of Other People’s Smoke (Secondhand Smoke) on My Health and My Child’s Health?

Breathing other people’s smoke can make children and adults who do not smoke sick.

• Pregnant women who breathe other people’s cigarette smoke are more likely to have a baby who weighs less than if they did not breathe other people’s cigarette smoke.
• Babies who are around cigarette smoke are more likely to have ear infections and more frequent asthma attacks than babies who are not around other people’s smoke.
• Babies who breathe in other people’s cigarette smoke are more likely to die from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) than are infants who are not exposed to cigarette smoke.

In the United States, 88 million nonsmokers aged 3 years and older are exposed to secondhand smoke. Almost 32 million children and adolescents aged 3–19 years, or about half of children in this age group, are exposed to other people’s cigarette smoke.

Resources

• Smoking Cessation for Pregnancy and Beyond: A Virtual Clinic This is an interactive Web-based program designed for health care professionals to hone their skills in assisting pregnant women to quit smoking. Up to 4 hours of continuing education credits can be earned by completing the practicum that was developed by the Interactive Media Laboratory, Dartmouth Medical School in collaboration with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The cost is $25.00 per user.
• Maternal and Child Health Smoking Attributable Mortality, Morbidity, and Economic Costs (MCH SAMMEC) An online application to estimate annual smoking-attributable medical expenditures, deaths, and years of potential life lost for infants in the United States. Updated 2004 mortality and economic costs now available.
• Preventing and Managing Chronic Disease To Improve the Health of Women and Infants This fact sheet includes general information on the burden of chronic disease and the impact of chronic disease on the health of women and infants.
• Smokefree Women This page provides information and resources on quitting smoking targeted at women.
• Smokefree.gov A Web site dedicated to helping smokers quit.
• Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update This update includes new, effective clinical treatments for tobacco dependence and the latest information to help people quit smoking.
• The Guide to Community Preventive Services This guide provides systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure.

http://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/newsfromnci/2008/tobaccopregnancy

Findings from a National Institutes of Health (NIH) study indicate that rates of tobacco use during pregnancy, as well as exposure of pregnant women and their young children to secondhand smoke, are significant threats to health in several low and middle-income countries. In a few of the countries sampled, including some in Latin America, rates of tobacco-related exposures may already be high enough to warrant substantial concern. Findings from the study, which is the first to examine pregnant women’s tobacco use, second-hand smoke exposure and attitudes toward women’s tobacco use in multiple developing countries, will appear in the April 2008, issue of the American Journal of Public Health, with advance online publication on February 28, 2008.

Historically, the prevalence of smoking among women in the developing world has been very low, in part because of strong cultural constraints against women’s tobacco use. “This study indicates that public health officials in developing nations should take immediate steps to prevent and reduce tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure among pregnant women,” said Duane Alexander, M.D., Director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). “This should include efforts to better understand the scope of the problem, so as to best direct public health interventions.”

The study was conducted by an international team of investigators, including researchers from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and NICHD, two NIH institutes. The researchers conducted the study at ten sites in the NICHD Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research, which focuses on improving maternal and child health in the developing world. Approximately 8,000 pregnant women were surveyed at five sites in Latin America (Argentina, Uruguay, Ecuador, Brazil and Guatemala), two sites in Africa (Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and three sites in Asia (two in India and one in Pakistan). The survey looked at pregnant women’s use of tobacco products (cigarettes and smokeless tobacco), their perceptions of the social acceptability of tobacco use for women, and exposure to secondhand smoke experienced by them and their young children.

“Preventing an increase in tobacco use by women in the developing world is widely recognized as a significant public health opportunity,” said lead author Michele Bloch, M.D., Ph.D., of NCI’s Tobacco Control Research Branch. “Our results demonstrate that pregnant women’s tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke threaten to impede or reverse ongoing efforts to improve maternal and child health in the developing world.”

Because few studies have looked at tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure among pregnant women in low and middle-income countries, the researchers conducted this investigative survey in nine developing nations to get a preliminary look at the magnitude of the problem. The researchers found as many as 18 percent of pregnant women currently smoked cigarettes, up to one-third used smokeless tobacco, and as many of half were regularly exposed to secondhand smoke in the nations studied. The researchers also found evidence that in some countries where pregnant women’s tobacco use is currently low, rates of smoking during pregnancy could increase dramatically if barriers to women’s tobacco use were removed.

Uruguay and Argentina had the highest levels of smoking during pregnancy across all ten study sites (18 percent and 10 percent respectively). While the three other Latin American sites reported fewer women smoking during pregnancy, all had large numbers of respondents who had tried cigarettes at least once. If women’s smoking were to become more culturally acceptable, these other sites would be poised for much higher levels of smoking by pregnant women.

In the Indian sites, one-third of all pregnant women used smokeless tobacco in Orissa and about twenty percent of pregnant women in Karnataka were often exposed to secondhand smoke. The highest levels of secondhand smoke exposure were found in Pakistan, where about half of all pregnant women and their young children were frequently or always exposed to secondhand smoke. About one in ten pregnant women at the site in Pakistan reported that they had tried cigarette smoking.

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 40 percent of respondents reported that they had tried smokeless tobacco at least once, and six percent had used smokeless tobacco while pregnant. About 14 percent of women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo had tried cigarettes, as had about seven percent of women from Zambia.

The researchers recognize that the study has some limitations. For example, the data were collected by self-report through face-to-face interviews, and because tobacco use by women is a heavily stigmatized behavior, the study findings may actually underestimate the scope of the problem. Differences among study participants in geographic setting, literacy levels, employment status, and the presence of tobacco users in the household may also have contributed to differences in reported tobacco exposure.

Pregnant women are a priority population for tobacco prevention efforts because tobacco use poses serious risks to fetal and maternal health. Smoking during pregnancy causes a number of problems, including preterm delivery, low birth weight and sudden infant death syndrome. For the mother, cigarette use can lead to lung and other cancers, coronary heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Smokeless tobacco use can lead to oral and pancreatic cancers. Secondhand smoke causes lung cancer and heart disease in adults, and can lead to serious illnesses, such as bronchitis and pneumonia in infants and children.

“Where tobacco use rates are still low, we have the opportunity to avert an increase in tobacco use among women, especially pregnant women, in the developing world,” said Linda Wright, M.D., Scientific Director of the Global Network, in NICHD’s Center for Research for Mothers and Children. “These data highlight the urgent need to adopt proven measures to prevent and control tobacco use — both cigarettes and smokeless tobacco — and secondhand smoke exposure of women and girls worldwide.”

Funding for this research came from NICHD, NCI, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Service’s Office on Women’s Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

###

Bloch M, Althabe F, Onyamboko M, Kaseba-Sata C, Castilla EE, Freire S, Garces AL, Parida S, Goudar SS, Kadir MM, Goco N, Thornberry J, Daniels M, Bartz J, Hartwell T, Moss N, Goldenberg R. Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy: An Investigative Survey of Women in 9 Developing Nations. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 98, No. 4. Published online February 28, 2008.

Author affiliations: Michele Bloch, NCI; Nancy Moss, NICHD; Fernando Althabe is with the Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay; Marie Onyamboko is with the Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Christine Kaseba-Sata is with the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Eduardo E. Castilla is with the Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas (Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Salvio Freire is with the Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Pernambuco, Brazil; Ana L. Garces is with the Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Sailajanandan Parida is with the Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College, Cuttack, India; Shivaprasad S. Goudar is with the Karnatak Lingayat Education Society’s Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India; Muhammad Masood Kadir is with the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Norman Goco, Jutta Thornberry, Magdalena Daniels, Janet Bartz, and Tyler Hartwell are with Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC; and Robert Goldenberg is with Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa.

For more information on Bloch’s research, please go to http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/pubs_bloch.html.

For more information about cancer, please visit the NCI Web site at http://www.cancer.gov, or call NCI’s Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

The NICHD sponsors research on development, before and after birth; maternal, child, and family health; reproductive biology and population issues; and medical rehabilitation. For more information, visit the Institute’s Web site at http://www.nichd.nih.gov.

‘Maternal exposure to tobacco smoke is known to have deleterious effects on the developing fetus, but it has

only recently been shown that there may be life-long consequences due to genotoxic damage. Analysis of newborn cord

bloods with the GPA somatic mutation assay demonstrates a significant effect of maternal active smoking and suggests

that similar mutational induction occurs in mothers who experience only secondary exposure to environmental tobacco

smoke (ETS).’

Download PDF : 10TOPEDJ

Download PDF : Maternal-active-and-passive-smoking-effects-on-fetal-health[1]

1.    Passive smoking by pregnant women and fetal growth.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › … › v.45(2); Jun 1991Similar

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by H Ogawa – 1991 – Cited by 53 – Related articles
Passive smoking by pregnant women and fetal growth. H Ogawa, S Tominaga, K Hori, K Noguchi, I Kanou, and M Matsubara. Division of Epidemiology, Aichi …

2.    The fetus as a passive smoker.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › … › Can Fam Physician › v.42; Jul 1996

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by G Koren – 1996 – Related articles
The fetus as a passive smoker. G. Koren. University of Toronto. Full text. Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy …

3.    BBC – Health: Passive smoking in pregnancy

www.bbc.co.uk/health/…/pregnancy_passive_smoking.shtml – CachedSimilar

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Once your baby is born passive smoking increases the risk of: sudden infant death syndrome (cot death); poor lung function and respiratory problems, including …

4.    BBC News – Passive smoking increases stillbirth risk, says study

www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12711615 – Cached

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11 Mar 2011 – It is very important that men quit smoking before trying for a baby.” … Passive smoking risk in flats 13 DECEMBER 2010, HEALTH; Passive …

5.    Secondhand Smoke May Harm Fetus Like Smoking

www.webmd.com/baby/…/secondhand-smoke-may-harm-fetu… – CachedSimilar

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27 Jul 2005 – Secondhand Smoke May Harm Fetus Like Smoking. Study Shows Passive Smoking Just as Risky as Smoking by Pregnant Women. WebMD …

6.    BMC Public Health | Full text | Passive smoking in babies: The BIBE …

www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/772 – Cached

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by G Ortega – 2010 – Cited by 1 – Related articles
There is evidence that exposure to passive smoking in general, and in babies in … A hair sample of the baby will be taken at the beginning of the study and at six …

7.    Passive smoking | Better Health Channel

www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/…nsf/…/Passive_smoking – Cached

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Both smoking and passive smoking can seriously affect the developing fetus. Health risks for mothers who smoke during pregnancy include: Increased risk of …

8.     [PDF]

The dangers of passive smoking – Department of Health and Ageing

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How does passive smoking affect children? Even before it is born, a developing baby can be affected by environmental tobacco smoke if the mother smokes or if …

9.    Publication – Passive smoking and children

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30+ items – Passive smoking and children. A report of the Tobacco Advisory …

Local adult neurology services for the next decade	Publication date: May-2011
Medical rehabilitation in 2011 and beyond	Publication date: Nov-2010

Passive smoking and children – Royal College of Physicians

old.rcplondon.ac.uk/…/Preface-to-passive–smoking-and-children-Ma…

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demonstrate modest impacts of maternal passive smoking on birth weight, and possibly on fetal and perinatal mortality, and the risk of congenital abnormali- ties.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1291319/Pregnant-women-exposed-passive-smoking-increase-childs-risk-cancer-later-life.html

Women who are exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy ‘increase children’s risk of cancer in later life’

By Daily Mail Reporter
UPDATED:10:45 GMT, 2 July 2010

Pregnant women subjected to passive smoking give birth to babies with an increased, lifelong susceptibility to cancer, research reveals.

Passive smoking causes the same type of genetic damage in unborn infants as that found in adult smokers with cancerous tumours.

Researchers said the abnormalities in newborns were indistinguishable from those found in babies of mothers who were active smokers.

Damaging: Babies born to mothers subjected to passive smoke while pregnant were found to have an increased susceptibility to cancer and other diseases

And they may affect survival, birth weight and lifelong susceptibility to diseases like cancer, according to the study published online in the Open Paediatric Medicine Journal.

Dr Stephen Grant and colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh in the U.S. found a smoke-induced mutation in an oncogene, a gene which transforms normal cells into cancerous tumours.

The mutation was the same level and type in newborns of mothers who were active smokers as those in babies born to non-smoking mothers exposed to tobacco smoke.

The mutations were also discernible in newborns of women who had stopped smoking during their pregnancies, but who did not actively avoid second-hand smoke.

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1291319/Pregnant-women-exposed-passive-smoking-increase-childs-risk-cancer-later-life.html#ixzz2Dxn3yKG0
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