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August 30th, 2011:

Laws Banning Smoking in Vehicles Carrying Children – International Overview

Aug 30th, 2011
by Editor.
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Canadian Cancer Society

August 30, 2011

Summary: Laws prohibiting smoking in vehicles carrying children have been adopted in 9 Canadian provinces/territories (British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, and the Yukon Territory); 8 Canadian municipalities – Wolfville (Nova Scotia), Surrey (British Columbia), White Rock (B.C.), Richmond (B.C.), Okotoks (Alberta), Athabasca (Alberta), Leduc (Alberta), Medicine Hat (Alberta); 6 Australian states – South Australia, Tasmania, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia; 4 U.S. states – California, Maine, Arkansas, and Louisiana; 10 U.S. municipalities – Bangor (Maine), Keyport (New Jersey), West Long Branch Borough (New Jersey), Rockland County (New York), Monroe County (Indiana), Rohnert Park (California), Martinez (California), Hawaii county (Hawaii), as well as South Africa, Mauritius, Bahrain, and Puerto Rico.  It may be that other jurisdictions have also adopted laws.

Listed below are the jurisdictions, the applicable age, the date of coming into force.  Applicable age refers to under the age, thus “19” (for example) means that smoking is prohibited in a vehicle carrying someone under age 19.


Countries

1. Mauritius (18+ [i], Mar. 1, 2009)

2. South Africa (12, Aug. 21, 2009)

3. Bahrain 2

Canadian provinces/territories (9 of 13)

1. Nova Scotia (19, Apr. 1, 2008)

2. Yukon Territory (18, May 15, 2008)

3. Ontario (16, Jan. 21, 2009)

4. British Columbia (16, Apr. 7, 2009)

5. New Brunswick (16,   Jan. 1, 2010)

6. Prince Edward Island (19, Sept. 15, 2009)

7. Manitoba (16, July 15, 2010)

8. Saskatchewan (16, Oct. 1, 2010)

9. Newfoundland and Labrador (16, July 1, 2011)

Canadian municipalities (8)

1. Wolfville, Nova Scotia (19, June 1, 2008)

2. Surrey, British Columbia (19, July 31, 2008)

3. Okotoks, Alberta (16, Sept. 1, 2008)

4. White Rock, British Columbia (16, Nov. 1, 2008)

5. Richmond, British Columbia           (19, Nov. 30, 2008)

6. Athabasca, Alberta (18, Mar. 22, 2011)

7. Leduc, Alberta (18, July 2, 2011)

8. Medicine Hat, Alberta (16, Sept. 1, 2011)

Australian states and territories (6 of 8)

1. South Australia (16, May 31, 2007)

2. Tasmania (18, Jan. 1, 2008)

3. New South Wales (16, July 1, 2009)

4. Victoria (18, Jan. 1, 2010)

5. Queensland (16, Jan. 1, 2010)

6. Western Australia (17, Sept. 23, 2010)

U.S. states (4 of 50)

1. Arkansas (if car seat required,3 July 21, 2006)

2. Louisiana (13,4 Aug. 15, 2006)

3. California (18, Jan. 1, 2008)

4. Maine (16, Sept. 1, 2008)

U.S. municipalities (9)

1. Bangor, Maine (18, Jan. 18, 2007)

2. Keyport, New Jersey (18, Apr. 26, 2007)

3. Rockland County, N.Y.  (18, June 21, 2007)

4. West Long Branch Borough, NJ (18, June 9, 2007)

5. Loma Linda, CA (18, July 24, 2008)

6. Monroe County, Indiana (13, April 8, 2009)

7. Rohnert Park, CA (18, May 28, 2009)

8. Martinez, CA (18, June 5, 2009)

9. Hawaii County, Hawaii (18, Aug. 8, 2010)

10. Carpenteria, CA (18, May 16, 2011)

Other

1. Puerto Rico (13, Mar. 2, 2007)

(US Commonwealth in Caribbean)

DOWNLOAD PDF : INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW international overview-2011-08-30-vehicles with kids

ESC: Tobacco Smoke More Damaging to Women’s Arteries

Aug 30th, 2011
by Editor.
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http://www.doctorslounge.com/index.php/news/pb/22710

The amount of lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke significantly correlates with the thickness of carotid arterial walls in both genders, but the impact is more than double in women than in men, according to a study presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress held from Aug. 27 to 31 in Paris, France.

TUESDAY, Aug. 30 (HealthDay News) — The amount of lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke significantly correlates with the thickness of carotid arterial walls in both genders, but the impact is more than double in women than in men, according to a study presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress held from Aug. 27 to 31 in Paris, France.

Elena Tremoli, Ph.D., from the University of Milan in Italy, and colleagues compared the effects of tobacco smoke and other factors on carotid artery wall thickness in men and women. The carotid arteries of 1,694 men and 1,893 women were examined by ultrasound for the presence of wall thickening and plaque.

The investigators found that the amount of lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke was significantly associated with the thickness of carotid arterial walls in both genders, with the impact more than double in women compared to men. Similarly, the number of cigarettes smoked per day had more than a five-fold impact on the progression of disease over time in women compared to men. The associations were independent of age, blood pressure, cholesterol level, obesity, and social class. Compared to men who were less-educated, men with more education showed a greater thickening of arterial walls, but this effect was not observed in women. Men, but not women, showed a strong relation between arterial wall thickening and the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells counts. However, women who smoked heavily showed a similar relationship between CRP and arterial wall thickening as men.

“The reasons for the stronger effect of tobacco smoke on women’s arteries are still unknown, but some hints may come from the complex interplay between smoke, inflammation, and atherosclerosis,” the authors state.