hapman and Farrelly opined:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001078
Four Arguments against the Adult-Rating of Movies with Smoking Scenes Simon Chapman and Matthew Farrelly argue against recent calls in the US and elsewhere for movies with smoking scenes to be adult-rated.
Countered by:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001077
Andrea Waylen of Bristol University article in Thorax:
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/66/10/856.abstract
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/66/10/844.full.pdf
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/66/10/856.full.pdf
Cross-sectional association between smoking depictions in films and adolescent tobacco use nested in a British cohort study
http://www.bris.ac.uk/news/2011/7913.html
Smoking in films encourages teenagers to take a drag Press release issued 20 September 2011 The UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies wants such films to fall under the same stringent rules applied to films showing violence and sex
A new study has revealed that teenagers are more likely to take up smoking after seeing film stars in the act.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/sep/20/smoking-films-automatic-18-rating
Smoking in films ‘should get automatic 18 rating’ Young people who watch movies featuring smoking are more likely to take up the habit, says report
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-14971560
Smoking in films ‘encourages teenagers to take it up By Michelle Roberts Health reporter, BBC News
The Lyons and Britton editorial is a compelling argument for addressing smoking in movies through the ratings system available for free at: http://thorax.bmj.com/content/66/10/844.full.pdf
Waylen paper and meta analysis available for free at: http://thorax.bmj.com/content/66/10/856.full.pdf
6 country EU study by Morgenstern available at:
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/66/10/875.full.pdf
Study of Scottish adolescents available for free at:
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/66/10/866.full.pdf
Smoking in the Movies Increases Adolescent Smoking: A Review
Annemarie Charlesworth, MA, Stanton A. Glantz, PhD
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/116/6/1516.abstract
Smoking in teenagers and watching films showing smoking Hollywood needs to stop promoting smoking worldwide
http://www.bmj.com/content/323/7326/1378.full
Smoking in Top-Grossing Movies — United States, 1991—2009
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5932a2.htm
In 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006 2008, and 2010 the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention named tobacco in the movies a major factor in teen smoking. In 2007, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences concluded that: Exposure to depictions of smoking in movies is associated with more favorable attitudes toward smoking and characters who smoke, and these positive views are particularly prevalent among youth who themselves smoke.
http://smokefreemovies.ucsf.edu/problem/moviessell.html
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