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November, 2012:

Uncle Sam to Start Tracking Tobacco Use in Movies Aimed at Kids

http://www.takepart.com/article/2012/11/09/cdc-will-begin-tracking-tobacco-use-youth-rated-movies

The action follows a study showing on-screen smoking rose in 2011.

By Shari Roan

November 9, 2012

Comment

Uncle Sam to Start Tracking Tobacco Use in Movies Aimed at Kids

Protestors demonstrate against movies that promote smoking to kids worldwide outside the office of the Motion Picture Association of America February 22, 2005, in Washington, D.C. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)

Federal health authorities said Friday they will begin monitoring how well movie studios are doing to reduce depictions of smoking and other tobacco use in youth-rated movies.

Authorities at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Office on Smoking and Health said that voluntary efforts by movie studios to reduce tobacco use in youth-rated movies have been unimpressive. Data on tobacco use in movies will be added to regular CDC reports to the public on smoking prevalence among youth and adults, total and per-capita cigarette consumption, and progress on tobacco control policies.

“We all have a responsibility to prevent youth from becoming tobacco users, and the movie industry has a responsibility to protect our youth from exposure to tobacco use and other pro-tobacco imagery in movies that are produced and rated as appropriate for children and adolescents,” said the lead author of the paper, Dr. Tim McAfee. “Eliminating tobacco imagery in movies is an important step that should be easy to take.”

MORE: PG-13 Movies May Start Teens Smoking

Understanding what motivates kids to smoke is a high priority of public-health experts. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, more than 3,800 kids a day smoke their first cigarette. And, while smoking rates have fallen over the past 40 years, rates in both adults and youths have held steady in more recent years.

Previous research shows that kids who see smoking on television and in the movies are more likely to take it up. But depictions of smoking continue to turn up in youth-rated movies. Last year, the number of on-screen smoking scenes increased, according to a study published in the October issue of the journal Preventing Chronic Disease.

The data, from Thumbs Up! Thumbs Down!, a project of Breathe California-Emigrant Trails, is based on tobacco incidents in top-grossing movies each year rated G, PG and PG-13. The study looked at 134 movies that were among the 10 top-grossing, youth-rated movies last year for at least one week.

The study found the number of tobacco incidents rose three percent (1,881 incidents) in 2011 compared to 2010 despite the fact that there were five fewer movies in the 2011 sample. The number of tobacco incidents per movie rose seven percent over 2010—13.1 incidents per movie in 2010 and 14 last year. The biggest increase in smoking depictions occurred in G and PG movies.

MORE: Smoking Rates Around the World Are Astronomical

And, while kids aren’t supposed to see R-rated movies, smoking incidents in those films rose seven percent in 2011, said the author of the study, Dr. Stanton A. Glantz, a professor of medicine for the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California, San Francisco. Glantz has been studying smoking in the movies for many years.

“There are going to be hundreds or thousands of kids who will take up smoking due to this backsliding,” Glantz told TakePart. “There is a dose response here, too—the more kids see, the more likely they will smoke.”

In a report released earlier this year, U.S. Surgeon General Regina Benjamin identified smoking in movies and tobacco-company advertising as the primary forces that cause kids to take up smoking.

“The evidence is sufficient to conclude that there is a causal relationship between depictions of smoking in the movies and the initiation of smoking among young people,” the Surgeon General’s report noted. Images of smoking in the movies, “are powerful because they can make smoking seem like a normal, acceptable, or even attractive activity. Young people may also look up to movie stars, both on and off screen, and may want to imitate behaviors they see.”

MORE: Teen Smoking an ‘Epidemic,’ Surgeon General Says

Previous studies have also shown that depictions of smoking in the movies are more likely to influence low-risk kids to smoke. “The kids whose parents don’t smoke or kids who do well in school,” Glantz says.

The increase in on-screen smoking is further disappointing because top officials for three studios—Comcast (Universal), Disney and Time Warner—had previously committed to reductions in smoking in their movies, Glantz says. Smoking in youth-rated movies declined from 2005 to 2010.

Among these companies with stated policies discouraging smoking in movies, the percentage of movies that were tobacco-free declined by 17 percent from 2010 to 2011.

“A few studios had taken the lead in reducing the amount of smoking in their films,” Glantz says. “They accomplished it and showed it could be done. But now there is this serious back-sliding. I don’t know what accounts for that. These three studios are now about as bad as the studios that hadn’t made a lot of progress. I don’t know what happened.”

The Walt Disney Company “actively seeks to limit the depiction of smoking in movies marketed to youth,” according to a statement released by the company to TakePart.

MORE: U.S. Appeals Court Strikes Down Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels

“Disney discourages depictions of cigarette smoking in movies produced in the United States for which a Disney entity is the sole or lead producer and which are released either as a Touchstone movie or Marvel movie, and seeks to limit cigarette smoking in those movies that are not rated “R” to: scenes in which smoking is part of the historical, biographical or cultural context of the scene or is important to the character or scene from a factual or creative standpoint, or to scenes in which cigarette smoking is portrayed in an unfavorable light or the negative consequences of smoking are emphasized,” according to the statement.

The company also said it prohibits tobacco product placement and promotions and will place anti-smoking public service announcements on DVDs of new and newlyremastered titles, not rated “R,” that depict cigarette smoking and will work with theater owners to encourage the exhibition of an anti-smoking public service announcement before the theatrical exhibition of any such movie.

But the World Health Organization and other public health groups have recommended formal policies aimed at eliminating smoking in the movies, McAfee noted.

MORE: Teens: Smoking Less, Calling It ‘Scummy’ More

The Glantz study raises “serious concerns about this individual company approach,” he wrote. “This difference suggests that individual company policies may not be sufficient to sustain a reduction in youth exposure to tobacco-use and other pro-tobacco imagery in movies and that more formal, industry-wide policies are needed.”

Glantz has long argued for a modernized rating system to give movies with any tobacco use an R rating, unless the presentation of tobacco “clearly and unambiguously reflects the dangers and consequences of tobacco use,” he says. Other options to discourage smoking are to run anti-smoking messages prior to the movie and persuading movie studies to adopt policies to certify they receive no payments for depicting particular tobacco brands in their movies.

“The MPAA has refused to address this issue in a meaningful way by giving movies with smoking an R rating,” Glantz says. “They have never rated a single movie R for smoking. The goal here is to get smoking out of the movies being shown to kids.”

Question: Should movies that depict smoking receive an R rating? Tell us what you think in the comments.

Tobacco industry

Download PDF : Tobacco_industry

News

Why Zimbabwe’s tobacco industry is unhappy with WHO

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The Guardian-24 minutes ago

There is hustle and bustle on the tobacco trading floors of Zimbabwe these days. After a decade of agricultural turmoil that crashed the 

fox4kc.com

Missouri votes no on proposed tobacco tax increase

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Columbia Missourian-34 minutes ago

COLUMBIA — Missouri voters rejected a proposed increase in the state’s excise tax on tobacco products on Tuesday. The defeat of Proposition 

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Tobacco control: A sorry tale of neglect

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The News International-5 hours ago

Islamabad: Government functionaries working in the domain oftobacco control have prepared a rosy picture for presentation in the Supreme 

Sydney Morning Herald

NSW Greens slam $30m tobacco investment

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Sky News Australia-2 hours ago

The Greens have blasted the NSW government for investing almost $30 million in the tobacco industry and say the state should come clean

Smoke-Free Workplace Laws Linked to Lower Incidence of Heart Attacks

http://www.helpingyoucare.com/23182/smoke-free-workplace-laws-linked-to-lower-incidence-of-heart-attacks

A new study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, a journal of the American Medical Association, has found an association between smoke-free workplace laws implemented in Olmstead County, Minnesota and a decline in the incidence of heart attacks and heart attack deaths thereafter experienced in that County.

The new study, conducted by Richard D. Hurt, M.D., and colleagues at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota (which is located in Olmstead County, Minnesota), was published in the October, 2012 online issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

According to background information written by the authors as an introduction to the new study report, previous research has found that exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with coronary heart disease in nonsmokers, and the cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke are nearly as large as those from active smoking.

Therefore, the authors note, smoke-free laws and policies that eliminate smoking in public places have the potential directly to reduce cardiovascular events from secondhand smoke, as well as potentially to reduce smoking, and thereby reduce heart attacks attributable to smoking itself.

In 2002, a smoke-free restaurant ordinance was implemented and, in 2007, all workplaces, including bars, became smoke free in Olmstead County, Minnesota. This provided the researchers the opportunity to evaluate the incidence of heart attacks and death from sudden cardiac events in that County, during periods before and after the implementation of those ordinances.

The new study was supported in part by a grant from ClearWay Minnesota, a grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health, and a grant from the National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health.

The Study; Method

The researchers evaluated the incidence of myocardial infarction (heart attacks) and sudden cardiac death in Olmsted County, Minnesota, during the 18-month periods before and after implementation of each of the smoke-free ordinances.

According to the researchers, “All MIs [myocardial infarctions, which means heart attacks] were continuously abstracted and validated, using rigorous standardized criteria relying on biomarkers, cardiac pain, and Minnesota coding of the electrocardiogram. Sudden cardiac death was defined as out-of-hospital deaths associated with coronary disease.”

Findings

“We report a substantial decline in the incidence of MI [myocardial infarction, which means heart attacks] from 18 months before the smoke-free restaurant law was implemented to 18 months after the comprehensive smoke-free workplace law was implemented five years later,” the authors wrote.

“Comparing the 18 months before implementation of the smoke-free restaurant ordinance with the 18 months after implementation of the smoke-free workplace law, the incidence of MI declined by 33%, from 150.8 to 100.7 per 100 000 population, and the incidence of sudden cardiac death declined by 17%, from 109.1 to 92.0 per 100 000 population,” the authors found.

“During the same period, the prevalence of smoking declined and that of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity either remained constant or increased,” they also found.

Conclusions; Implications

“A substantial decline in the incidence of MI was observed after smoke-free laws were implemented, the magnitude of which is not explained by community cointerventions or changes in cardiovascular risk factors with the exception of smoking prevalence,” the authors wrote.

“As trends in other risk factors do not appear explanatory, smoke-free workplace laws seem to be ecologically related to these favorable trends,” they concluded.

“Secondhand smoke exposure should be considered a modifiable risk factor for MI [heart attacks]. All people should avoid secondhand smoke to the extent possible, and people with coronary heart disease should have no exposure to secondhand smoke,” the authors conclude.

In Commentary published along with the study, in the October, 2012 online issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine, Sara Kalkhoran, M.D., and Pamela M. Ling, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of California, San Francisco, wrote: “The results of the study by Hurt et al highlight some of the potential benefits of 100 percent smoke-free policies in workplaces, restaurants and bars: significantly decreased incidence of myocardial infarction and a trend toward decreased sudden cardiac death.”

“Moving forward, we should prioritize the enforcement of smoke-free policies, eliminating loopholes in existing policies as well as encouraging expansion of smoke-free policies to include multiunit housing, motor vehicles, casinos and outdoor locations,” they continue.

“Exposure to SHS [secondhand smoke] should not be a condition of employment, and all workers, including those of lower income and those in the service and hospitality industries, should have equal protection from SHS exposure,” they conclude.

More Information

The report of the new study can be found in its entirety in the October, 2012 online issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine, a journal of the American Medical Association.

Obama defeats Romney to win second term, Fox News projects | Fox News

CLEAR THE AIR SAYS:  THANK GOD FOR THAT – the people voted for Obama instead of the puppet of US Big Business and Big Tobacco – NOW PERHAPS OBAMA CAN FINALLY RATIFY THE FCTC TREATY ?

Speaking of puppets, when is Hong Kong Government going to legislate and enforce the revelation of political party funding sources here ?

http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/11/06/obama-defeats-romney-to-win-second-term-fox-news-projects/

Obama defeats Romney to win second term, Fox News projects Published November 06, 2012 FoxNews.com

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/03/mitt-romney-anti-smoking_n_2057840.html

Mitt Romney Crippled Model Anti-Smoking Program In Massachusetts

Posted: 11/03/2012 10:16 am EDT Updated: 11/03/2012 10:30 pm EDT

WASHINGTON — In the mid – 1980s, Massachusetts Department of Public Health official Gregory Connolly began a seemingly hopeless campaign to end smoking in his state. He had no full-time staff and a piecemeal budget. More people complained about his smoking cessation clinics than attended them. If he wanted to check his effectiveness with his own colleagues, he just had to get up from his desk and inhale.

“My building was filled with smoke,” he told The Huffington Post. “Doctors, nurses smoked.”

It was hard to see a public policy solution. At the time, nearly one-third of the state’s residents smoked, with little hope of kicking the habit. The U.S. Surgeon General affirmed in 1988 that cigarettes were as addictive as heroin.

Still, Connolly, who worked out of the dental health division, kept chipping away, speaking out at community forums, organizing with other health groups and buttonholing any member of the state Legislature who would listen. In 1992, with a push from the American Cancer Society, Massachusetts residents passed a ballot initiative to fund his smoking-prevention work through an increase in taxes on cigarette sales. The tax generated $123 million that first year, of which Connolly’s program received $56 million.

Connolly invested the money in community programs, municipal grants to enforce laws against selling cigarettes to minors, and lobbying to pass local bans on smoking indoors. If a resident wanted to quit, the program offered free nicotine patches, counseling and a quitters hotline. New initiatives were geared toward youth smokers and pregnant women. And the program alarmed every Massachusetts resident, smoker and nonsmoker alike, with its ad campaign.

One ad featured a man showering with a hole in his throat. In another, a mother spoke just before her death about what it might be like to say goodbye to her children and how she struggled to breathe with her emphysema-wrecked lungs. In a third ad, a doctor squeezed a deceased 32-year-old smoker’s aorta like a tube of toothpaste until a mass of fatty deposits squirted out.

In a short time, Connolly started to see dramatic reductions in smoking rates in Massachusetts that far outpaced the rest of the country. The Massachusetts program was so successful that the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) used it as a national model. Dozens of other states put Connolly’s ads on TV. Even other countries latched onto the campaign, beaming the ads into television sets as far away as Crete and Australia. They continue to serve as a model for public service ads today.

“We had the cure for cancer,” Connolly said. “It was the most exciting thing anyone could ever experience. We achieved the impossible.”

But 10 years into his crusade, Connolly met a tougher opponent than Big Tobacco: Mitt Romney.

While Romney’s signature achievement as governor was reforming Massachusetts’ health insurance system, axing cheap prevention in favor of pricey treatment was also a hallmark of his tenure. Romney attempted to eliminate or gut programs providing hearing tests for newborns, screenings for prostate and breast cancer, counseling for young parents, support for people living with severe physical disabilities, and suicide prevention services. The Democratic-controlled Legislature ultimately overruled him.

But before taking office in January 2003, Romney had promised the state’s anti-smoking advocates that he would increase funding to the tobacco-control program. Instead, he cut its budget from $5.8 million to $2.5 million, far below what it needed to be effective. Romney ignored the warnings of public health experts, while working to secure a tax cut for some of the state’s richest residents.

His efforts all but killed the program and serve as one of the most dramatic examples of his preference for short-term political gains over long-term health care solutions. Romney has continued this approach as the Republican nominee for president, vowing to repeal President Barack Obama’s health care reform law while insisting that emergency rooms provide effective treatment for the uninsured.

“We expected Mr. Romney to come in and restore the tobacco program to its level for the past 10 years and make himself a national hero,” said Connolly, now a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health, where he directs the Center for Global Tobacco Control. “But he did the opposite. … We got the Marlboro Man.”

SLASH AND BURN

The post-9/11 recession had hit Massachusetts hard. Connolly’s anti-smoking program, with its emphasis on prevention, became a fat target. Between taxes on cigarettes and the 1998 landmark settlement with tobacco companies over their deceptive marketing, the state was raking in more than $570 million a year from Big Tobacco, some of which was intended for anti-smoking efforts. Nearly all of it, however, would be siphoned off to other programs. Romney’s predecessor as governor, Jane Swift, slashed the smoking-prevention program, from $33 million in 2002 to $5.8 million in 2003.

Tobacco-control advocates went looking for a savior and believed the 2002 governor’s race would produce one. A coalition of groups, including the American Cancer Society, Children’s Hospital, the Massachusetts Nurses Association and the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, put pressure on Romney and his Democratic opponent, Shannon O’Brien, to pledge to restore the program’s budget.

“Despite $800 million in tobacco revenues, the governor has destroyed the state’s tobacco prevention program,” the group wrote in a full-page ad in The Boston Globe. “To save our kids, the next governor must restore it.”

O’Brien agreed to restore funding to the anti-smoking program, and Romney appeared to do so as well. In an Oct. 30, 2002, letter obtained by HuffPost, Romney campaign manager Ben Coes sent the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids an explanation of his candidate’s position.

“It is our view that it is a shame our state leaders mismanaged the budget so that worthwhile programs have been cut,” Coes wrote. “Mitt Romney’s goal as governor will be to fundamentally restructure government so we can restore funding for worthwhile programs, including the tobacco control program.”

At the time, anti-smoking activists did not know about Romney’s close ties to the tobacco industry. As HuffPost reported in October, after Romney took over as CEO of Bain & Co. in the early 1990s, the consulting firm performed key research for Philip Morris that formed the basis for a price cut on which researchers blame a dramatic rise in teen smoking. The firm also worked with two cigarette companies to expand the Russian smoking market, making millions of dollars in the process.

L. Scott Harshbarger, who labored over the tobacco settlement as Massachusetts attorney general, said that Bain & Co.’s work with Philip Morris and British American Tobacco during Romney’s tenure as CEO would have been a major red flag for public health advocates, who would have mobilized many of the state’s political institutions against Romney.

“In Massachusetts in 2002, if you were in any way tainted as a tobacco advocate, it would have been a major negative as a candidate,” Harshbarger said. “It would have been a very tough sell.”

The advocates believed Romney was on their side. After he was elected governor in November, the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids Action Fund announced that Romney’s victory was “a win for Massachusetts kids” and that the “outlook is optimistic” that the governor-elect would reinvest in the anti-tobacco campaign.

After all, this government program, with its mix of civic engagement and cutting-edge methods, actually worked. From 1992 to 2003, per capita cigarette consumption declined by more than 47 percent in Massachusetts, compared to 28 percent nationally, according to the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. The Boston Globe reported that between 1990 and 2002, the smoking rate for pregnant women dropped 52 percent. The anti-smoking program also reduced lung cancer death rates in the state by 9.5 percent and was responsible for a 31 percent plunge in heart disease deaths, according to studies co-authored by Connolly that isolated the program’s direct effect on those conditions.

The program saved the state money, as well. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology study in 2000 found that the program reduced health care costs by $85 million per year. For every dollar the state spent on Connolly’s effort, it saved two dollars in treatment.

Despite the smoking-prevention program’s benefits, however, it became one of Romney’s top targets as he worked to close the state’s $1.2 billion budget deficit.

In his first year in office, Romney attempted to slash the program’s budget further, to just $1.8 million. Democrats in the state Legislature balked, overriding the governor and preserving $2.5 million in funding — which still represented a 57 percent cut. Connolly felt that the program had been singled out: Its cut was deeper than others within the health department.

Advocates like Connolly were “severely undermined,” said Harshbarger. “Then-candidate Romney had been all things to all people in this … and all that a governor had to do at that point to keep the program was to say, ‘No, this is important to me,'” he explained.

Instead of restoring funds to the anti-smoking program, Romney chose to fight for a tax cut for Massachusetts’ richest residents. One of his first budgetary moves as governor was a capital gains tax rebate worth $250 million — enough to fund the tobacco-control program at the level the CDC recommended for more than seven years.

Romney played hardball with the state Legislature on the tax rebate, instructing the Massachusetts Department of Revenue to send notices to about 48,000 taxpayers who might be eligible for it, thereby generating public support for the measure. In the end, about half of the total tax payout went to just 278 wealthy taxpayers, The Boston Globe reported in 2005.

PENNY-WISE, POUND-FOOLISH

In contrast to the tax rebate, the cuts to the anti-smoking program had a minimal impact on the state’s fiscal crisis, representing just 0.2 percent of its budget shortfall. But the impact on the health of Massachusetts residents was huge. With a budget of only $2.5 million, the program had to back off its support of law enforcement, and cigarette sales to minors nearly tripled, from minors buying cigarettes in a little over 8 percent of their attempts in 2002 to nearly 23 percent in 2007.

Cheryl Sbarra, senior staff attorney for the Massachusetts Association of Health Boards, told HuffPost that she and other advocates warned Romney’s administration about the importance of keeping the tobacco-control program intact. She said that she pressed the case personally with then-Lt. Gov. Kerry Healey, who is now an adviser to Romney’s presidential campaign. Sbarra gained the impression that Healey didn’t know how effective the program had been.

“She said in no uncertain terms, ‘You need to show us the facts that cutting this program the way it’s been decimated has actually had negative outcomes,'” Sbarra recalled.

Sbarra organized compliance checks in 68 cities and towns that had lost funding for tobacco control. Nearly everywhere they went, they found stores willing to sell cigarettes to minors. “The rates of sale [when minors tried to buy cigarettes] were just astronomical,” she said. “Some were as high as 60 percent sales-to-minors rate.”

All the cigarettes they bought, they showed to the administration. “We did what Healey wanted, and it made no difference,” Sbarra said. “It was like talking to a closed door whenever we talked to the administration.”

Neither Healey nor the Romney campaign responded to requests for comment.

The Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids reported that per capita cigarette sales in Massachusetts actually increased in the third year of Romney’s term by more than 3 percent, while they declined nationally. And with sales to minors rising, smoking among the state’s high school students plateaued, after declining by 41 percent from 1995 to 2003.

As smoking stats in Massachusetts soured, the Romney administration sought to downplay the importance of the tobacco-control program. A spokesperson for the Department of Public Health told The Boston Globe in March 2004 that the “agency could not draw a direct link between budget cuts and increased sales to minors.” The spokesperson called the program a “supplemental check” on retailers. “The responsibility for cigarette sales to teenagers rests at the retailer’s door,” the spokesperson said.

The Globe’s editorial board sharply criticized the cuts that same month. “Underfunding tobacco control programs is a textbook case of penny-wise, pound-foolish. Every analysis of the state’s budget problems focuses on the accelerating increases in Medicaid,” the board wrote. “But smoking-related illnesses cost Medicaid about half a billion dollars a year. Skimping on tobacco control now simply ensures that this cost will rise in coming years.”

A year later, Healey admitted that the fight against youth smoking had been neglected. But she defended the Romney administration. “We in truth are investing hundreds of millions into health care for people whose health has been complicated by use of cigarettes,” she said.

Public health advocates, however, portray Romney’s emphasis on treatment rather than prevention as closing the barn door after the horses have left.

“It was saving people’s lives,” Rachel Kaprielian, who as a Democratic state representative argued for anti-smoking efforts, told HuffPost. “All the efforts were promptly reversed.”

QUITTING TIME

Romney’s dismal tobacco-control legacy as governor is mitigated by 2004 legislation banning smoking in the workplace, including at restaurants and bars. The law made Massachusetts one of the first states, along with New York and California, to end smoking in watering holes. Dozens of states have since followed suit.

But Romney had little enthusiasm for the legislation, lawmakers and anti-smoking advocates recall. Sbarra said that his administration essentially sequestered the state’s public health officials while the bill was pending. They were “hardly allowed to leave the building,” she said. “They weren’t allowed to testify or talk to legislators about it.”

Connolly, the state’s leading public health expert on smoking, had testified 12 times before Congress on the Massachusetts program before Romney assumed office. On his own time, he had also traveled across the country, testifying in 19 state legislatures to persuade them to fund their own tobacco-control programs. The vast majority of those states ended up adopting similar efforts.

When it came time to debate the smoking ban, however, Connolly said the Romney administration didn’t let him testify for the bill. “He didn’t want us involved in it,” said Connolly.

Connolly had spent the first year or so of Romney’s governorship banging on the administration’s door with Sbarra and the rest of the anti-smoking advocates. He was shut out of the budget process, no matter how many memos he sent up the chain of command, he said.

“At the height of the program we felt we had defeated Big Tobacco,” Connolly recalled. “When the cuts hit, it felt like Big Tobacco had defeated us.” During the budget battles with Romney, he learned of the governor’s connections to Philip Morris. “You couldn’t help but think that the longstanding relationship of millions of dollars between Bain, Philip Morris and Romney was the reason why,” he said.

Connolly’s own history with tobacco was very different. In the 1970s, he learned about smoking’s deadly effects firsthand while working at a hospital in the low-income section of Boston where he had grown up. He handled the late shift in the respiratory care unit, treating patients who were dying of emphysema.

“It’s tough seeing someone die,” he said. “They were basically drowning in that bed for two, three weeks. … These people are not being cared for by society, except treating their end stages of addiction — keeping them alive to suffer. … They stayed with me my whole life. We put those images on TV.”

Then under Romney, his ad campaign had to be shuttered. “What was left [in the budget] was not enough to put posters in high school gyms,” Connolly said.

The final blow came in late 2004, when Connolly received yet another invitation to speak before Congress at two different hearings. The Romney administration refused to let him go.

“He sent me a clear message,” Connolly said. “It was my time to leave.”

Connolly could never gain an audience with Gov. Romney. But, now, if he wanted to, he might get Romney’s attention with a neighborly wave. His old nemesis lives across the street from him in Belmont, Mass. He has seen Romney on his front lawn, leaving the house in the morning or walking to a car.

Once, Connolly ventured to say something to the former governor. “He walked into his house as I approached him,” Connolly remembered, “probably without noticing me.”

Lifting the lid

Download PDF : Lifting the lid TR Oct 2012

Mitt Romney Crippled Model Anti-Smoking Program In Massachusetts

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/03/mitt-romney-anti-smoking_n_2057840.html

Mitt Romney Anti Smoking

WASHINGTON — In the mid – 1980s, Massachusetts Department of Public Health official Gregory Connolly began a seemingly hopeless campaign to end smoking in his state. He had no full-time staff and a piecemeal budget. More people complained about his smoking cessation clinics than attended them. If he wanted to check his effectiveness with his own colleagues, he just had to get up from his desk and inhale.

“My building was filled with smoke,” he told The Huffington Post. “Doctors, nurses smoked.”

It was hard to see a public policy solution. At the time, nearly one-third of the state’s residents smoked, with little hope of kicking the habit. The U.S. Surgeon General affirmed in 1988 that cigarettes were as addictive as heroin.

Still, Connolly, who worked out of the dental health division, kept chipping away, speaking out at community forums, organizing with other health groups and buttonholing any member of the state Legislature who would listen. In 1992, with a push from the American Cancer Society, Massachusetts residents passed a ballot initiative to fund his smoking-prevention work through an increase in taxes on cigarette sales. The tax generated $123 million that first year, of which Connolly’s program received $56 million.

Connolly invested the money in community programs, municipal grants to enforce laws against selling cigarettes to minors, and lobbying to pass local bans on smoking indoors. If a resident wanted to quit, the program offered free nicotine patches, counseling and a quitters hotline. New initiatives were geared toward youth smokers and pregnant women. And the program alarmed every Massachusetts resident, smoker and nonsmoker alike, with its ad campaign.

One ad featured a man showering with a hole in his throat. In another, a mother spoke just before her death about what it might be like to say goodbye to her children and how she struggled to breathe with her emphysema-wrecked lungs. In a third ad, a doctor squeezed a deceased 32-year-old smoker’s aorta like a tube of toothpaste until a mass of fatty deposits squirted out.

In a short time, Connolly started to see dramatic reductions in smoking rates in Massachusetts that far outpaced the rest of the country. The Massachusetts program was so successful that the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) used it as a national model. Dozens of other states put Connolly’s ads on TV. Even other countries latched onto the campaign, beaming the ads into television sets as far away as Crete and Australia. They continue to serve as a model for public service ads today.

“We had the cure for cancer,” Connolly said. “It was the most exciting thing anyone could ever experience. We achieved the impossible.”

But 10 years into his crusade, Connolly met a tougher opponent than Big Tobacco: Mitt Romney.

While Romney’s signature achievement as governor was reforming Massachusetts’ health insurance system, axing cheap prevention in favor of pricey treatment was also a hallmark of his tenure. Romney attempted to eliminate or gut programs providing hearing tests for newborns, screenings for prostate and breast cancer, counseling for young parents, support for people living with severe physical disabilities, and suicide prevention services. The Democratic-controlled Legislature ultimately overruled him.

But before taking office in January 2003, Romney had promised the state’s anti-smoking advocates that he would increase funding to the tobacco-control program. Instead, he cut its budget from $5.8 million to $2.5 million, far below what it needed to be effective. Romney ignored the warnings of public health experts, while working to secure a tax cut for some of the state’s richest residents.

His efforts all but killed the program and serve as one of the most dramatic examples of his preference for short-term political gains over long-term health care solutions. Romney has continued this approach as the Republican nominee for president, vowing to repeal President Barack Obama’s health care reform law while insisting that emergency rooms provide effective treatment for the uninsured.

“We expected Mr. Romney to come in and restore the tobacco program to its level for the past 10 years and make himself a national hero,” said Connolly, now a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health, where he directs the Center for Global Tobacco Control. “But he did the opposite. … We got the Marlboro Man.”

SLASH AND BURN

The post-9/11 recession had hit Massachusetts hard. Connolly’s anti-smoking program, with its emphasis on prevention, became a fat target. Between taxes on cigarettes and the 1998 landmark settlement with tobacco companies over their deceptive marketing, the state was raking in more than $570 million a year from Big Tobacco, some of which was intended for anti-smoking efforts. Nearly all of it, however, would be siphoned off to other programs. Romney’s predecessor as governor, Jane Swift, slashed the smoking-prevention program, from $33 million in 2002 to $5.8 million in 2003.

Tobacco-control advocates went looking for a savior and believed the 2002 governor’s race would produce one. A coalition of groups, including the American Cancer Society, Children’s Hospital, the Massachusetts Nurses Association and the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, put pressure on Romney and his Democratic opponent, Shannon O’Brien, to pledge to restore the program’s budget.

“Despite $800 million in tobacco revenues, the governor has destroyed the state’s tobacco prevention program,” the group wrote in a full-page ad in The Boston Globe. “To save our kids, the next governor must restore it.”

O’Brien agreed to restore funding to the anti-smoking program, and Romney appeared to do so as well. In an Oct. 30, 2002, letter obtained by HuffPost, Romney campaign manager Ben Coes sent the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids an explanation of his candidate’s position.

“It is our view that it is a shame our state leaders mismanaged the budget so that worthwhile programs have been cut,” Coes wrote. “Mitt Romney’s goal as governor will be to fundamentally restructure government so we can restore funding for worthwhile programs, including the tobacco control program.”

At the time, anti-smoking activists did not know about Romney’s close ties to the tobacco industry. As HuffPost reported in October, after Romney took over as CEO of Bain & Co. in the early 1990s, the consulting firm performed key research for Philip Morris that formed the basis for a price cut on which researchers blame a dramatic rise in teen smoking. The firm also worked with two cigarette companies to expand the Russian smoking market, making millions of dollars in the process.

L. Scott Harshbarger, who labored over the tobacco settlement as Massachusetts attorney general, said that Bain & Co.’s work with Philip Morris and British American Tobacco during Romney’s tenure as CEO would have been a major red flag for public health advocates, who would have mobilized many of the state’s political institutions against Romney.

“In Massachusetts in 2002, if you were in any way tainted as a tobacco advocate, it would have been a major negative as a candidate,” Harshbarger said. “It would have been a very tough sell.”

The advocates believed Romney was on their side. After he was elected governor in November, the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids Action Fund announced that Romney’s victory was “a win for Massachusetts kids” and that the “outlook is optimistic” that the governor-elect would reinvest in the anti-tobacco campaign.

After all, this government program, with its mix of civic engagement and cutting-edge methods, actually worked. From 1992 to 2003, per capita cigarette consumption declined by more than 47 percent in Massachusetts, compared to 28 percent nationally, according to the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. The Boston Globe reported that between 1990 and 2002, the smoking rate for pregnant women dropped 52 percent. The anti-smoking program also reduced lung cancer death rates in the state by 9.5 percent and was responsible for a 31 percent plunge in heart disease deaths, according to studies co-authored by Connolly that isolated the program’s direct effect on those conditions.

The program saved the state money, as well. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology study in 2000 found that the program reduced health care costs by $85 million per year. For every dollar the state spent on Connolly’s effort, it saved two dollars in treatment.

Despite the smoking-prevention program’s benefits, however, it became one of Romney’s top targets as he worked to close the state’s $1.2 billion budget deficit.

In his first year in office, Romney attempted to slash the program’s budget further, to just $1.8 million. Democrats in the state Legislature balked, overriding the governor and preserving $2.5 million in funding — which still represented a 57 percent cut. Connolly felt that the program had been singled out: Its cut was deeper than others within the health department.

Advocates like Connolly were “severely undermined,” said Harshbarger. “Then-candidate Romney had been all things to all people in this … and all that a governor had to do at that point to keep the program was to say, ‘No, this is important to me,'” he explained.

Instead of restoring funds to the anti-smoking program, Romney chose to fight for a tax cut for Massachusetts’ richest residents. One of his first budgetary moves as governor was a capital gains tax rebate worth $250 million — enough to fund the tobacco-control program at the level the CDC recommended for more than seven years.

Romney played hardball with the state Legislature on the tax rebate, instructing the Massachusetts Department of Revenue to send notices to about 48,000 taxpayers who might be eligible for it, thereby generating public support for the measure. In the end, about half of the total tax payout went to just 278 wealthy taxpayers, The Boston Globe reported in 2005.

PENNY-WISE, POUND-FOOLISH

In contrast to the tax rebate, the cuts to the anti-smoking program had a minimal impact on the state’s fiscal crisis, representing just 0.2 percent of its budget shortfall. But the impact on the health of Massachusetts residents was huge. With a budget of only $2.5 million, the program had to back off its support of law enforcement, and cigarette sales to minors nearly tripled, from minors buying cigarettes in a little over 8 percent of their attempts in 2002 to nearly 23 percent in 2007.

Cheryl Sbarra, senior staff attorney for the Massachusetts Association of Health Boards, told HuffPost that she and other advocates warned Romney’s administration about the importance of keeping the tobacco-control program intact. She said that she pressed the case personally with then-Lt. Gov. Kerry Healey, who is now an adviser to Romney’s presidential campaign. Sbarra gained the impression that Healey didn’t know how effective the program had been.

“She said in no uncertain terms, ‘You need to show us the facts that cutting this program the way it’s been decimated has actually had negative outcomes,'” Sbarra recalled.

Sbarra organized compliance checks in 68 cities and towns that had lost funding for tobacco control. Nearly everywhere they went, they found stores willing to sell cigarettes to minors. “The rates of sale [when minors tried to buy cigarettes] were just astronomical,” she said. “Some were as high as 60 percent sales-to-minors rate.”

All the cigarettes they bought, they showed to the administration. “We did what Healey wanted, and it made no difference,” Sbarra said. “It was like talking to a closed door whenever we talked to the administration.”

Neither Healey nor the Romney campaign responded to requests for comment.

The Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids reported that per capita cigarette sales in Massachusetts actually increased in the third year of Romney’s term by more than 3 percent, while they declined nationally. And with sales to minors rising, smoking among the state’s high school students plateaued, after declining by 41 percent from 1995 to 2003.

As smoking stats in Massachusetts soured, the Romney administration sought to downplay the importance of the tobacco-control program. A spokesperson for the Department of Public Health told The Boston Globe in March 2004 that the “agency could not draw a direct link between budget cuts and increased sales to minors.” The spokesperson called the program a “supplemental check” on retailers. “The responsibility for cigarette sales to teenagers rests at the retailer’s door,” the spokesperson said.

The Globe’s editorial board sharply criticized the cuts that same month. “Underfunding tobacco control programs is a textbook case of penny-wise, pound-foolish. Every analysis of the state’s budget problems focuses on the accelerating increases in Medicaid,” the board wrote. “But smoking-related illnesses cost Medicaid about half a billion dollars a year. Skimping on tobacco control now simply ensures that this cost will rise in coming years.”

A year later, Healey admitted that the fight against youth smoking had been neglected. But she defended the Romney administration. “We in truth are investing hundreds of millions into health care for people whose health has been complicated by use of cigarettes,” she said.

Public health advocates, however, portray Romney’s emphasis on treatment rather than prevention as closing the barn door after the horses have left.

“It was saving people’s lives,” Rachel Kaprielian, who as a Democratic state representative argued for anti-smoking efforts, told HuffPost. “All the efforts were promptly reversed.”

QUITTING TIME

Romney’s dismal tobacco-control legacy as governor is mitigated by 2004 legislation banning smoking in the workplace, including at restaurants and bars. The law made Massachusetts one of the first states, along with New York and California, to end smoking in watering holes. Dozens of states have since followed suit.

But Romney had little enthusiasm for the legislation, lawmakers and anti-smoking advocates recall. Sbarra said that his administration essentially sequestered the state’s public health officials while the bill was pending. They were “hardly allowed to leave the building,” she said. “They weren’t allowed to testify or talk to legislators about it.”

Connolly, the state’s leading public health expert on smoking, had testified 12 times before Congress on the Massachusetts program before Romney assumed office. On his own time, he had also traveled across the country, testifying in 19 state legislatures to persuade them to fund their own tobacco-control programs. The vast majority of those states ended up adopting similar efforts.

When it came time to debate the smoking ban, however, Connolly said the Romney administration didn’t let him testify for the bill. “He didn’t want us involved in it,” said Connolly.

Connolly had spent the first year or so of Romney’s governorship banging on the administration’s door with Sbarra and the rest of the anti-smoking advocates. He was shut out of the budget process, no matter how many memos he sent up the chain of command, he said.

“At the height of the program we felt we had defeated Big Tobacco,” Connolly recalled. “When the cuts hit, it felt like Big Tobacco had defeated us.” During the budget battles with Romney, he learned of the governor’s connections to Philip Morris. “You couldn’t help but think that the longstanding relationship of millions of dollars between Bain, Philip Morris and Romney was the reason why,” he said.

Connolly’s own history with tobacco was very different. In the 1970s, he learned about smoking’s deadly effects firsthand while working at a hospital in the low-income section of Boston where he had grown up. He handled the late shift in the respiratory care unit, treating patients who were dying of emphysema.

“It’s tough seeing someone die,” he said. “They were basically drowning in that bed for two, three weeks. … These people are not being cared for by society, except treating their end stages of addiction — keeping them alive to suffer. … They stayed with me my whole life. We put those images on TV.”

Then under Romney, his ad campaign had to be shuttered. “What was left [in the budget] was not enough to put posters in high school gyms,” Connolly said.

The final blow came in late 2004, when Connolly received yet another invitation to speak before Congress at two different hearings. The Romney administration refused to let him go.

“He sent me a clear message,” Connolly said. “It was my time to leave.”

Connolly could never gain an audience with Gov. Romney. But, now, if he wanted to, he might get Romney’s attention with a neighborly wave. His old nemesis lives across the street from him in Belmont, Mass. He has seen Romney on his front lawn, leaving the house in the morning or walking to a car.

Once, Connolly ventured to say something to the former governor. “He walked into his house as I approached him,” Connolly remembered, “probably without noticing me.”

Ugly truth sends teens smoke signal

http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/7903854/Ugly-truth-sends-teens-smoke-signal

Ugly truth sends teens smoke signal

MARIKA HILL

Last updated 05:00 04/11/2012

Health

Gruesome images of rotting teeth and diseased lungs are having the intended impact – smoking is no longer cool among teenagers.

In 1999, 30 per cent of year 10 students had never lit a cigarette. Today, 70 per cent have never smoked, according to the Ministry of Health’s latest annual report.

While there continues to be a large number of teens who say they have experimented with cigarettes, those who claim to be regular smokers (daily, weekly or monthly) have fallen from 29 per cent to just 8 per cent.

The Government has hiked tobacco taxes, invested in marketing campaigns, and removed tobacco displays in a bid to stamp out smoking completely by 2025.

An anti-smoking conference in Wellington this week will push for even more regulation, including a ban on menthol cigarettes.

But according to some Auckland teenagers the “gross” effects of smoking on the body is the biggest deterrent.

Noa Sullivan, 15, said she has never smoked and never plans to.

“It’s horrible, it’s the most disgusting thing, even just the smell of it,” she said. “It looks bad, especially on girls my age.”

Students were shown images of lungs poisoned by years of tobacco use, gangrenous toes and rotting teeth in their Auckland Girls’ Grammar School health class. The students agreed the graphic images worked better than advertising campaigns.

“I don’t think the [advertisements] change people’s opinions. Just telling us not to smoke won’t work,” Sullivan said.

Cassandra Taufa, 17, said she would never touch a cigarette.

“I think it’s easier to say no than it used to be.”

Her classmate, Tufui Tapaevalu, 17, said the people who smoked did it for the same reasons as the generation before them.

“Some people think it’s cool and just do it because their friends do,” she said

In 1999, two out of three students tried a cigarette by their third year in secondary school.

The trend has now reversed with two out of three students never having lit up by year 10, according to the annual Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) survey.

ASH director Ben Youdan said international research showed students were more worried about the superficial effects of smoking than the health problems.

The gruesome images of yellowing fingers and rotting teeth were therefore more likely to get the message across.

Despite the promising trend, every year about 2000 children aged under 10 try a cigarette for the first time.

“For those who had their first puff under the age of seven, they are three times more likely to be menthol cigarettes,” said Youdan, adding that the Government was considering a move to ban menthol cigarettes.

He will speak about how menthol cigarettes mask some of the bad tastes of tobacco, making them more attractive to young people, during the Tobacco-free Aotearoa Conference this week.

ASH is currently collating the survey results of teenage smoking rates for 2012.

The most recent figures matched Ministry of Health figures, with the proportion of 14- and 15-year-olds not smoking rising from 64 per cent in 2010 to 70 per cent in 2011.

ASH expects a similar downward trend this year as cigarettes are priced out of the reach of more teenagers.

– © Fairfax NZ News

Let’s declare our intent to ban trade in tobacco

http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/john-crown-tobaccolypse-now-no-butts-3281686.html?service=Print

Independent.ie

John Crown: Tobaccolypse Now! No butts. . .

Let’s declare our intent to ban trade in tobacco. The case for governments declaring an intent to ban all commerce in tobacco is simply unanswerable.

While they will deny it, the business plan of Big Tobacco companies can be summarised in four words: “Addict children to carcinogens.”

A carcinogen is of course a cancer-causing substance. Tobacco is the most potent cancer-causing agent which can be legally manufactured or sold at present. Substances with only a fraction of the carcinogenic potential of tobacco are now routinely banned.

If tobacco were discovered for the first time tomorrow, there is precisely zero chance that any country would allow it to be produced or traded.

Tobacco farmers, cigarette manufacturers, supermarkets and even mom-and-pop local stores who sell cigarettes are all engaged in the provision of cancer-causing toxins to addicts, people whose very addiction diminishes their ability to exercise free choice. Nearly every smoker you know wants to stop. Nearly every smoker you know started in childhood.

There can be no weasel-wording around this issue — the tobacco trade is an evil, immoral but currently legal enterprise.

It is now time to consider banning all commerce in tobacco by a fixed future date. There should be a realistically long enough timeframe to allow for our societies to reformat their economies to a post- “Tobaccolyptic” world.

We need to give the farmers time to prepare to grow something more worthwhile than tobacco.

It will give the Big Tobacco companies time to reformat their factories. It will give pension managers, hedge funds and other investment houses time to redirect their investments.

Eradication of smoking would bring nothing but benefit to individuals, families and societies.

Lung cancer, currently the leading cause of cancer death in most countries, would become an uncommon disease. Childhood asthma and other paediatric illnesses caused by passive smoking would decline.

Contrary to much current commentary, the economic benefits would be immense and immediate.

It is sometimes fatuously argued that our governments, addicted as they are to tobacco tax revenues, could not afford mass smoking cessation. This is balderdash. Government health costs would go down, as would sick pay.

We should commit to the goal of eradicating all commerce in tobacco by the year 2030.

Would such a measure feed a black market? Probably yes. However, the principal weapons of the pro-addiction, pro-smoking pro-death lobby would be instantly defanged. All of those PR companies, all of those political donations, all of those lobbyists, all of those billions which are devoted to ensuring that your children will have the right to become addicted to cancer causers will be gone.

Imperial Tobacco reveals sharp fall in profits

http://www.brecorder.com/agriculture-a-allied/183/1254641/

Imperial Tobacco reveals sharp fall in profits

November 05, 2012

RECORDER REPORT

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Britain’s Imperial Tobacco, the maker of Lambert & Butler and Gauloises cigarettes, said on October 30 that annual net profits slumped 62 percent as it took a hit on assets in debt-wracked Spain. Imperial said in a statement that profit after tax tumbled to £678 million ($1.1 billion, 842 million euros) in the 12 months to September 30 compared with net profit totalling £1.796 billion in 2010/11.

Revenue fell 2.0 percent to £28.57 billion as the company sold fewer cigarettes.

“Economic conditions remain difficult in Spain; high unemployment and increasing government austerity measures are placing further pressures on consumers and the duty paid tobacco market, with illicit trade a growing problem,” Imperial said.

It added that “the macro economic indicators have resulted in us taking a non-cash impairment charge of £1.2 billion during the year.”

Imperial was positive regarding the outlook, insisting that there were “significant growth opportunities” across Eastern Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region.