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January, 2013:

Indonesia: New Tobacco Control Law

http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/indonesia-new-tobacco-control-law/

(Jan. 16, 2013) On December 24, 2012, Indonesia’s President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono signed the Tobacco Control Regulation. Within the next 18 months, cigarette producers and importers will have to comply with its provisions, which include stricter rules on distribution and marketing of cigarettes. (Arientha Primanitha, Tobacco Bill Requires Graphic Warnings to Be Displayed on Cigarette Packaging in Indonesia, JAKARTA GLOBE (Jan. 9, 2013); Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 109 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengamanan Bahan Yang Mengandung Zat Adiktif Berupa Produk Tembakau Bagi Kesehatan [Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 109, Year 2012, Concerning Safeguards Against Addictive Substances in the Form of Tobacco Products], Ministry of Health website (last visited Jan. 14, 2013).)

In terms of the packaging of cigarettes, the regulation prescribes that a warning label and image be placed on the top portion of the front and back of boxes; the message must be printed clearly and start with the word “Warning” in white on a black background. (Id.) Cigarette producers may not use the words “light, ultra light, mild, extra mild, low tar, slim, special, full flavor, premium” or any other indication of quality, image, or “personality.” Furthermore, the new regulation suggests that the sides of cigarette packages state that there is no safe dose of the product. (Id.)

While tobacco farmers were concerned about the impact of the regulation on their sales (Primanitha, supra), the country’s Minister of Health, Nafsiah Mboi, recently said that the regulation was not “fierce enough” and that it would be “a huge sin” for cigarette advertisement to remain at its current level or increase. (Dessy Sagita & Markus Junianto Shihaloho, Health Minister Says Tobacco Rules Not Enough, JAKARTA GLOBE (Jan. 14, 2013).) One response of the government to the objections of tobacco producers is to state that the rules will not apply to smaller-scale businesses producing fewer than 24 million cigarettes per year. A second is to mandate that local governments work to diversify crops. (Primanitha, supra.)

Article 27 of the regulation pertains to cigarette advertising, which “should not trigger or advise people to smoke.” (Id.) However, the regulation does permit tobacco advertisers to sponsor sports events and to set up large billboards of up to 72 square meters in size, two of the provisions criticized by Mboi. Other points that have been criticized by commentators include the delay of the implementation of the regulation for 18 months and the lack of a ban on sales of individual cigarettes. (Sagita & Sihaloho, supra.)

According to the Chairman of the Tobacco Farmers Alliance, Nurtantio Wisnu Brata, that group and others representing the tobacco industry plan to challenge the regulation at the Supreme Court. They will argue that the new regulation represents unfair treatment of tobacco farmers. (Id.)

Smoking is widespread in Indonesia. According to a September 2012 survey, about 67% of male Indonesians over the age of 15 smoke, and 80% of the people are exposed to tobacco smoke in their homes. (Margie Mason, Indonesia Smoking: Two-Thirds of Country’s Men Smoke, New Study Shows, THE HUFFINGTON POST (Sept. 11, 2012).)

First they came for the tobacco companies…

http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO1301/S00031/first-they-came-for-the-tobacco-companies.htm

First they came for the tobacco companies…

Tuesday, 15 January 2013, 2:06 pm
Press Release: Pirate Party New Zealand – PPNZ

First they came for the tobacco companies…

Media companies and Anti-Smoking groups are trying to pry confidential documents from government departments as they battle against freedom of information.

Pirate Party Communications Manager Max Coyle says that The Pirate Party is expressing concern that these organizations are trying to bog down tobacco companies in their Official Information Act requests relating to changes in government legislation which will impact their industry.

“To make matters worse, Associate Health Minister Tariana Turia herself is blockading democracy and the freedom of information and publicly acknowledging that she will push ahead with her agenda regardless of the need to disclose information and give the affected parties time to prepare and plan for the upcoming changes, and respond to them where needed.”

The companies are requesting information from the Ministry of Health under the Official Information Act 1982 for documentation relating to plans to ban brand marks and logos on cigarette packets. ‘Anyone who is in New Zealand, or a New Zealand citizen overseas or corporate body that operates in NZ can request official information. The purpose of the OIA Act is to increase the availability of official information to promote more effective public participation in the making and administration of laws and policies, and to promote the accountability of Ministers of the Crown and government officials.’ (Ministry of Justice – ‘Official Information: Your Right To Know’)

So under the definitions set out by the Ministry of Justice, it makes sense that these companies need this information to to participate in the making and understanding of the laws which will affect them, and more importantly to hold Ministers like Tariana Turia to account for her actions and what has been well documented as her personal crusade against the companies trade.

“The Pirate Party stands for free and open government and the accessibility of information to all is absolutely crucial to that. The importance of transparency and the general participation in govt outweighs any concerns about Tobacco, which can be adressed perfectly adequately through transparent democratic means. Our interest is in the ethical treatment of this matter and making sure the personal views of Government Ministers are not clouding the issue and halting requests for information allowed by law. We are also concerned with the media treatment of this with headlines such as ‘Tobacco firms use ‘stalling’ strategy’ when the parties that seem to be stalling this are the media outlet and the Government, this misrepresentation of the events is not what’s necessary for an informed citizenry.” Max Coyle said.

“The Official Information Act is a crucial part of the functioning of an open and accountable government in NZ. To begin to deny requests or to take an inordinate amount of time to process them is unacceptable. This incident is not a one off with the Ministry of Education stalling and frustrating the OIA requests made by schools and parents regarding school closure plans in Christchurch. We are consistently seeing information being withheld and attempts to access it stalled by this administration, and we are not amused.”

ENDS

Lawyers tight-lipped on tobacco covers

http://www.thenewlawyer.com.au/comment—debate/lawyers-tight-lipped-on-tobacco-covers

Lawyers tight-lipped on tobacco covers

14 January, 20130 comments

Latest from Comment & Debate

Legal experts are refusing to comment on whether Australia’s largest tobacco franchise is violating state laws by offering customers free covers designed to hide the graphic images on cigarette packs.

Tobacco Station Group stores are giving away covers that feature the company’s logo and web address to customers who buy tobacco products. The franchise has more than 300 stores in states and territories across Australia, including Victoria, WA and the ACT.

Under Victoria’s Tobacco Act 1987, WA’s Tobacco Products Control Act 2006 and the ACT’s Tobacco Act 1927, a retailer must not supply a gift or prize in connection with the sale of a tobacco product.

A number of law firms were approached to ascertain whether the covers could be deemed gifts or prizes and, therefore, be in beach of the legislation. Corrs Chambers Westgarth, which has represented British American Tobacco Australia (BATA) and Herbert Smith Freehills declined to comment, citing client sensitivities. A number of top-tier and mid-tier firms that are not affiliated with tobacco companies also refused to weigh in on the issue, claiming their partners did not possess sufficient knowledge of the relevant legislation.

The Department of Health and Ageing is reportedly investigating whether Tobacco Station Group’s covers violate federal tobacco laws. Health Minister Tanya Plibersek revealed in a statement that the Tobacco Plain Packaging (TPP) Act, which came into force on 1 December, had so far led to 15 complaints, all made against retailers.

“The Department of Health and Ageing is investigating the complaints and has found some to be unsubstantiated. Where evidence suggested non-compliance, warnings were issued and educational material about the legislation was made available,” she said.

One of the “unsubstantiated” complaints appears to have been made against Queensland-based sticker manufacturer Box Wrap. In December, the company was given the all-clear to distribute stickers that wrap around cigarette packs and feature images of the Australian flag, animals and cartoons.

The stickers challenged plain packaging with the slogan ‘It’s your box, it’s your choice’. But, under the federal TPP Act, it is not an offence to sell a cover if it is sold separately to the cigarette packet, is not applied at the time of supply, and does not contain any tobacco product advertising.

Last year, global tobacco giants lost a High Court challenge against the Government’s plain packaging legislation. Chris Round, a partner in K&L Gates’ IP practice, said at the time that the tobacco companies did not have strong grounds for their argument that the legislation amounted to an acquisition of trademarks without proper compensation, a breach of Section 51(xxxi) of the Australian Constitution.

More mainland girls smoke than officials claim, says researcher

Published on South China Morning Post (http://www.scmp.com)

Home > More mainland girls smoke than officials claim, says researcher


More mainland girls smoke than officials claim, says researcher

Submitted by admin on Jan 15th 2013, 12:00am

News›China

HEALTH

Alice Yan ting.yan@scmp.com

Researcher says real figure is about four times higher than officials claim

The number of mainland girls who smoke may be higher than the authorities recognise, a Shanghai-based health research team has found.

https://www.scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/486w/public/2013/01/15/untitled-1.jpg

According to a two-year study led by Ma Jin of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s school of public health, up to 14 per cent of girls on the mainland could be smokers, much higher than the rate estimated in an earlier government study.

The China Tobacco Control Blueprint (2012-2015), issued by seven state ministries and the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration last year, put the number of mainland teenagers who smoke at 11.5 per cent. It said only 3.6 per cent of girls smoked, compared with 18.4 per cent of boys.

Ma’s study, published in The Lancet medical journal last month, also reported that the number of adult women smokers on the mainland reported by authorities could be a third lower than the actual figure.

Ma said his survey gave a more accurate picture of mainland tobacco-use in comparison with a similar study led by State University of New York Professor Gary Giovino published in the same journal in August.

According to Giovino’s study, which analysed tobacco use in 16 countries, more than half of mainland males over the age of 15 smoked. The figure was only 2 per cent for females. The study estimated the mainland has 301 million smokers. The results from his study matched estimates of mainland authorities.

Ma said Giovino’s study used a self-report method which was regarded as reliable in some Western countries, but it “severely” underestimated the true number of smokers on the mainland.

“Young students, especially girls, and adult women tend to cover up their identities as smokers because of pressure from society, which generally regards smoking as bad behaviour for students and women,” he said.

Ma’s study, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Shanghai’s municipal government, canvassed 11,104 people, which included students aged 12 to 20 and their parents from five city districts.

The students are from 18 high schools, 45 junior middle schools and five technical schools, and these schools are located in five central and suburb districts in Shanghai

“We focus on young people’s smoking activities because many smokers initiate this addiction when they are young,” Ma said.

His team first asked the students to answer a questionnaire, based on a World Health Organisation questionnaire template on juvenile smoking behaviour. The questionnaire found 13.6 per cent of boys and 5.2 per cent of girls smoked. But Ma thought the figures were far too low in light of his everyday observations.

So his team adopted a “capture-recapture” method – resampling the schools – to adjust the results.

They concluded that the real smoking rates for boys should be 18.3 per cent and 14.2 per cent for girls.

“The actual number of smokers in China could be substantially higher than 301 million,” Ma wrote in The Lancet. “Such underestimation could hinder our ability to assess the progress of current and future intervention efforts.”

Compared with Western countries, where a high percentage of teenagers let their parents know of their habit, in Shanghai, only 2.9 per cent of boys’ parents and 0.6 per cent of girls’ parents were aware that their children smoked, Ma’s survey found.

He said most students were encouraged to smoke by their peers and ignored all the health warnings because they thought holding a cigarette and blowing a smoke ring was “cool”.

Wu Yiqun , deputy director of the Beijing-based Think Tank Research Centre for Health Development, said the number of juvenile smokers on the mainland had been increasing over the past decade and children were taking up the habit at a younger age.

“Preventing children and teenagers from smoking is vital for our smoke-control campaign because people pick up habits when they are young and smoking is especially bad for their health since their bodies are growing,” she said.

Three years ago, the Ministry of Education launched a nationwide “non-smoking schools” movement which bans smoking in outdoor and indoor areas at primary and middle schools and kindergartens.

Topics:

Health

mainland girls

Smoke


Source URL (retrieved on Jan 15th 2013, 6:31am): http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1128146/more-mainland-girls-smoke-officials-claim-says-researcher

Make HK a non-smoking territory

Published on South China Morning Post (http://www.scmp.com)

Home > Weibo is key to combating mainland corruption


Submitted by admin on Jan 15th 2013, 12:00am

Business

LAI SEE HOWARD WINN

Howard Winn

Make HK a non-smoking territory

Chief Executive C.Y. Leung has been urged to take a tough line with tobacco control measures in his policy address tomorrow. The letter is signed by senior public health academics from HKU and Chinese University, well-known anti-smoking lobbyist Judith Mackay, the Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health and Clear the Air. The signatories ask for measures to reduce smoking prevalence in Hong Kong to 5 per cent before 2022 compared with the current 11 per cent. Hong Kong would then be recognised as a non-smoking territory by the World Health Organisation. The signatories argue this will require raising excise tax to at least 80 per cent of the retail price, which they say is proven to prevent youth smoking while reducing adult smoking, premature deaths and health care costs. In addition, the government should provide more assistance for those that want to quit. The letter points out that cigarettes are considerably cheaper in Hong Kong than in many other territories, including Singapore, Britain, New York, Australia and France. They also want tougher steps taken against smuggling and the sale of duty-free cigarettes. The signatories suggest all public areas should be tobacco-free, including the entire outdoor areas of restaurants and pubs, whether 50 per cent roofed or otherwise. They also recommend that preventing smoking should be a condition of liquor licences. They note that at present many licensees allow or encourage smoking in order to steal custom from premises that obey the law.

Have you got any stories that Lai See should know about? E-mail them to howard.winn@scmp.com [1]


Source URL (retrieved on Jan 15th 2013, 6:01am): http://www.scmp.com/business/article/1128125/weibo-key-combating-mainland-corruption

Links:
[1] mailto:howard.winn@scmp.com

The case for Ofsmoke: the potential for price cap regulation of tobacco to raise £500 million per year in the UK

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Illicit trade, tobacco industry-funded studies and policy influence in the EU and UK

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South Africa: Govt Signs WHO Treaty Against Tobacco Smuggling

http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/201301150264.html

Health-e (Cape Town)

South Africa: Govt Signs WHO Treaty Against Tobacco Smuggling

14 January 2013

Last week South Africa became the first country to sign a new international treaty aimed at combating tobacco smuggling.

Minister of Health, Dr Aaron Motsoaledi, signed the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products at a ceremony held at the WHO headquarters in Geneva on Thursday. Eleven other countries including China, France, Panama, Turkey and Uruguay have also signed the treaty, which is now open for signature by other countries.

The aim of the treaty is to reduce tobacco smuggling worldwide. It promotes measures that governments can adopt to eliminate smuggling and encourages international co-operation between countries in identifying tobacco smuggling routes and trends, and in apprehending smugglers.

Tobacco smuggling is big business for both the tobacco manufacturers and criminal organisations. Once-secret industry documents reveal that the major tobacco companies have actively participated in smuggling worldwide. They have knowingly supplied tobacco products to criminals involved in smuggling.

Stopping smugglers from obtaining tobacco products by controlling the supply chain is an important aspect of the treaty. The treaty recommends that the supply chain be controlled through licensing of manufacturers; requiring them to verify the bona fides of their customers; tracking the movement of tobacco products across borders as well as tracing the origins of seized goods; better border controls and stronger penalties for smuggling.

The National Council Against Smoking (NCAS) commended the Minister for being the first to sign the treaty. “Reducing the illicit trade in tobacco is an important public health measure,” said Dr Yussuf Saloojee, executive director of the NCAS. “Smuggling makes cigarettes cheaper and so increases sales. It encourages adults to keep smoking instead of quitting after tax increases, and makes tobacco affordable to youth. Higher tobacco sales in turn mean more sickness and death,” he added.

“The level of cigarette smuggling in South Africa is highly over-estimated by the tobacco industry, as this creates pressure on the Treasury to keep excise taxes low. Nonetheless we do not need to combat smuggling and the way to do so is not by lowering taxes but by adopting the measures proposed by the protocol,” Saloojee said.

At the signing ceremony, WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan said: “The protocol gives the world a unique legal instrument for countering and eventually eliminating a sophisticated international criminal activity that costs a lot, especially for health.”

The new treaty is the first protocol to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The protocol will enter into force 90 days after the 40th government has ratified it.

The Protocol will help to protect people across the globe from the health risks of tobacco. In SA 44 000 are killed every year due to tobacco – that is three times as many as are killed in road accidents.

– NCAS

Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products opened for signature

http://www.who.int/fctc/en/

·       The Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products, adopted by the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in November 2012 in Seoul, was opened for signature by the Parties in a ceremony at WHO Headquarters on 10 January 2013.

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·       http://www.who.int/entity/fctc/cop/sessions/WHO_FCTC_10JAN2013_300_1.jpg

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·       More than 50 Parties participated in the event and 12 Parties representing all six regions signed the Protocol on this occasion. These countries are China, France, Gabon, Libya, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Panama, Republic of Korea, South Africa, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey and Uruguay. In addition, Tunisia signed the Protocol on Friday, 11 January, while the treaty was still open for signature in Geneva.

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·       After the initial two days in Geneva, the Protocol will remain open for signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York until 9 January 2014 and will enter into force 90 days after the 40th Party has ratified it.

·       http://www.who.int/entity/fctc/cop/sessions/WHO_FCTC_10JAN2013_042_1.jpg

·       The Parties who took the floor expressed their strong commitment and support to the Protocol, some of them declaring their intention to sign it in the near future.

·       The WHO Director-General also attended and addressed the ceremony. Amongst the speakers were the Permanent Representatives of the Republic of Korea and Uruguay to the UN in Geneva, representing the current and the preceding Presidencies of the Conference of the Parties (COP).

·       http://www.who.int/entity/fctc/cop/sessions/WHO_FCTC_10JAN2013_089_1.jpg

·       The new international treaty is aimed at combating illegal trade in tobacco products through control of the supply chain and international cooperation. As a key measure, Parties commit to establishing a global tracking and tracing system to reduce and eventually eradicate illicit trade.

·       All photos credit: WHO/Pierre Albouy

More information and evidence : Cancer Research UK

to me

http://www.cancercampaigns.org.uk/ourcampaigns/theanswerisplain/moreinformation/

More information and evidence

Plain packaging is a really important step in protecting young people from tobacco marketing. Now that advertising tobacco is illegal, the tobacco industry is relying more and more on stylish tobacco packs to recruit new smokers. With eight out of ten smokers starting by the age of 19, plain packs will take us one step closer to a future where people don’t start smoking in the first place.

For more details on plain packaging, download our Facts and Fiction document or our report ‘The packaging of tobacco products

FAQs

What are plain packs?What plain packs will look like in Australia

Plain packaging means all cigarette packs look the same. They are packaged in a standard shape without branding, design or a logo. Pictured (right) is an example of the packs Australia plans to introduce.

  • Health warnings will remain
  • Brand name in will be in a standard type face, colour and size
  • The shape, colour and method of opening the packet will be standardised
  • The duty paid stamp will remain with covert markings that show the pack is not counterfeit
  • Cigarettes are also standardised in size and colour

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Why are plain packs needed?

Plain packaging is needed to reduce the attractiveness of tobacco products to children. The evidence demonstrates that tobacco branding works in three key ways:

  • Packets are designed to be attractive and communicate the ‘personality’ of a brand. They can act as ‘badge products’ and an extension of a person’s identity
  • Lighter packaging colours mislead customers, suggesting some products are healthier than others
  • Packets with branding reduce the prominence and effectiveness of health warnings

Eight out of ten smokers start by the age of 19. 1 Addiction keeps them smoking into adulthood where it kills one in two long-term users. 2 Marketing is known to pull children into smoking; 3 and the pack is just another marketing tool. 4 Children should be protected from the marketing of a highly addictive and seriously harmful product. Plain packaging would play an important role in this protection.

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Watch our campaign video and find out how it was made

The video is completely unscripted and shows the children’s genuine reactions to the packs. We worked with two schools to make this happen, both of which are very supportive of the campaign.

We filmed in the schools and with pairs of friends to make sure that the children were as comfortable and relaxed as possible. The professionals who led the interviews started by asking them to talk about cereal packs to get them used to describing their feelings and impressions of packaging, before showing them the empty or sealed cigarette packs.

Full parental consent was given before the filming and the parents were given a dedicated contact at the charity for any questions they might have. After the filming each child received a talk and information pack about the dangers of smoking.

A huge thank you to all of the families and both of the schools involved for their ongoing support.

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Why are branded packets so powerful?

Branded packs convey the pack’s personality and allow the tobacco industry to target specific audiences, whether that’s bright, slim packs aimed at young women or bold assertive packs aimed at men. Since tobacco advertising became illegal in 2002, tobacco companies have relied more on tobacco packets to sell their deadly products.

As an Executive from Philip Morris, a large tobacco company, said in an internal presentation: ‘Our final communication vehicle with our smokers is the pack itself. In the absence of any other marketing messages, our packaging… is the sole communicator of our brand essence. Put another way: When you don’t have anything else, our packaging is our marketing.’ 5

The colours of some packs are also designed to make them look healthier than others. Studies have shown that adults and young people (11-17) are much more likely to rate silver or gold packs as lower tar, lower health risk and easier to quit in the case of adults. 6 7 8

Below is a small selection of the packs currently on sale.

A selection of current cigarette packs

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What evidence is there that plain packets will make smoking less appealing?

Top quality evidence shows that putting cigarettes in plain, standardised packs makes them less attractive to children. This is why we’ve taken a strong stance in favour of introducing plain packaging in the UK, as have other health experts, including the World Health Organisation. 9

A total of 37 key studies, that all meet stringent methodological and relevant criteria, have shown that plain packaging is an effective tobacco control measure. The Department of Health commissioned a systematic review on plain packaging 10 involving leading Cancer Research UK researchers. All 19 quantitative studies examining the attractiveness of plain packs found they were less attractive than branded equivalent packs. Thirteen studies examined perceptions of smoker identity and personality attributes associated with plain packs. Plain packs consistently received lower ratings on projected personality attributes (such as ‘popular’ and ‘cool’) than branded packs. The Cancer Research UK funded Centre for Tobacco Control Research has brought together the evidence on plain packs.11

Cancer Research UK’s vision is to beat cancer, and when we have clear evidence that a measure will help reduce smoking rates, we have a duty to act. This is a vital public health issue that we’re proud to champion.

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Are plain packs a popular option?

In a YouGov survey eight out of ten people said that they would support plain packaging if there was evidence that they are less attractive than branded packs.12

The campaign for plain packaging is supported by a coalition of organizations including: Cancer Research UK, British Hearth Foundation, Asthma UK, The British Medical Association, British Lung Foundation, ASH, Smokefree South West, Royal College of Physicians and The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation.

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Does it matter if I’m a smoker?

It doesn’t matter if you’re a smoker or not, this campaign isn’t about telling people to quit, it’s about stopping the next generation from starting in the first place.

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Why now?

The government held a UK-wide public consultation on the plain packaging of tobacco products which ran from April to August 2012.Throughout this consultation, Cancer Research UK, along with our partners in the Smokefree Action Coalition, called for the plain, standardised packaging of tobacco. Our campaign ‘The answer is plain’ received over 78,000 actions and on 27 June over 70 of our Cancer Campaigns Ambassadors joined us in Westminster to lobby their MPs. Our campaign video ‘‘The answer is plain’ has also had over 245,000 views.

We are now awaiting the outcome of the consultation and are hoping that the government legislates for plain packaging as soon as possible, to help prevent children from taking up smoking. The Government must not delay bringing in plain packaging legislation – when 100,000 deaths a year are due to tobacco , missing an opportunity to help reduce smoking has very serious costs.

There will be ways to get involved in the campaign in the future. Please fill in our quick form to express your interest and we’ll keep you in the loop as the campaign progresses

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Will plain packaging apply to roll-up tobacco and cigars?

Yes, plain packaging would apply to all tobacco products, this includes roll-up tobacco and cigars.

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References

1.    Goddard E. (2008). General Household Survey 2006: Smoking and drinking among adults 2006. Office for National Statistics, Newport.

2.    http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/healthyliving/smokingandtobacco/howdoweknow/

3.    For a discussion, see Chapter 2 of: Hastings, G et al. (2008) Point of Sale Display of Tobacco Products. The Centre for Tobacco Control Research, University of Stirling. http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/prod_consump/groups/cr_common/@nre/@pol/documents/generalcontent/crukmig_1000ast-3338.pdf

4.    Hastings G, Galopel-Morvan K, Rey JM. The plain truth about tobacco packaging. Tobacco Control 2008;17:361-362

5.    Speech notes from T.E. Sandefur, President of Brown and Williamson (a subsidiary of British American Tobacco), 1985. Bates no. 52001904/1918. Available at: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/action/document/page?tid=noi24f00

6.    Hammond D, Dockrell M, Arnott D, Lee A, McNeill A. Cigarette pack design and perceptions of risk among UK adults and youth Eur J Public Health. 2009 Dec;19(6):631-7.

7.    Hammond D, Parkinson C. The impact of cigarette package design on perceptions of risk. Journal of Public Health (Oxford). 2009 Sep;31(3):345-53

8.    Hastings G, Galopel-Morvan K, Rey JM. The plain truth about tobacco packaging. Tobacco Control 2008;17:361-362

9.    Chan, M. ‘Chan to world: Stand with Australia’. 22 March 2012. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2012/tobacco_20120322/en/index.html

10. Hastings et al. ‘Plain tobacco packaging : A systematic review’. Public Health Research Consortium. http://phrc.lshtm.ac.uk/project_2011-2016_006.html

11. Ford, A. ‘The packaging of tobacco products’. Cancer Research UK: London. 2012. Available at: http://www.cancercampaigns.org.uk/ourcampaigns/theanswerisplain/moreinformation/ssLINK/moreinformation/CR_086687

12. Action on Smoking and Health. ‘Public support for putting products in plain packaging’ (2011). http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_765.pdf