Indonesia

Antismoking Coalition Gives Big Tobacco a Fight in Indonesia

Apr 30th, 2016

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/01/world/asia/antismoking-coalition-gives-big-tobacco-a-fight-in-indonesia.html?_r=0

The densely packed houses along Yogyakarta’s Kali Code River went from drab to a riot of reds, blues, yellows and whites.

Residents did not know who had paid for the elaborate painting job last year. The Yogyakarta press speculated that an unknown company had painted the houses so they would resemble the colorful favelas of Rio de Janeiro.

It turns out the village’s benefactor was Philip Morris International and its “Show Your Colors” advertising campaign. On the side of the Gondolayu bridge that overlooks the settlements sits a giant picture frame, with tag lines hung above it reading, “Create your own story” and “Go ahead.”

The village had been transformed into a giant advertisement for a brand owned by the tobacco company.

The ads were another aggressive marketing attempt by an international tobacco company to gain market share in Indonesia. The country is the second-largest cigarette market in Asia after China, and had the highest male smoking rate in the world — 67 percent, according to a 2011 survey — thanks in part to the popularity of pungent clove cigarettes.

Over the last decade, it has become a last Eden for tobacco companies facing declining smoking rates at home. As late as 2004, international tobacco companies had a marginal presence in the Indonesian market. Today, led by Philip Morris International, they control around 45 percent.

Yet that push has been met by an increasingly potent coalition of mayors, health officials and antismoking groups that has scored some important victories.

In one prominent example, huge cigarette billboards that dominated the highways of Jakarta, the capital, were taken down in 2015, as part of a move to ban outdoor tobacco advertisements by mayors around the country.

Many of the lobbying efforts that led to local regulations, including in Jakarta, were substantially financed by the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use, the $600 million fund founded by Michael R. Bloomberg, the former New York mayor.

The Bloomberg Initiative has designated Indonesia one of its five priority countries, and has donated more than $10 million since 2007. The initiative is largely focused on establishing local and regional tobacco control laws in a nation with a highly decentralized government structure.

“It’s a battle — like a war,” Yayi Prabandari, a professor of public health at Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta, said of the clash between tobacco companies and tobacco control organizations.

Before the Bloomberg Initiative became active in the country nearly 10 years ago, fewer than 10 cities had laws that restricted smoking in public areas, according to the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, which jointly administers the Bloomberg Initiative’s grant programs in Indonesia. Since then, the group says, more than 170 cities have passed laws heavily restricting smoking in public spaces.

Yet tobacco growing has deep roots here. Indonesia is one of the few countries in Asia that has not signed the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which mandates strict limits on tobacco advertising and sponsorship.

The Bloomberg Initiative has also created a backlash from smokers’ rights groups, who portray Mr. Bloomberg as a foreign oligarch determined to stamp out Indonesia’s proud tobacco tradition.

“People who smoke today are stigmatized — we’re discriminated against,” said Alfa Gumilang, the chain-smoking secretary general of Komunitas Kretek, a smokers’ rights group that accepts funds from the tobacco industry.

The Indonesian government relies on the tobacco industry for around 10 percent of state tax revenue. Although tobacco is not nationalized, the government issues growth targets; in 2015, the Industry Ministry released a “road map” for the industry calling for expanded cigarette production.

In October, President Joko Widodo visited the United States to promote American investment in Indonesia. While he was there, Philip Morris announced a $1.9 billion expansion of its tobacco factories in the country — the second-largest investment that Mr. Joko secured from an American corporation during his visit.

Philip Morris’s success — it controls 35 percent of Indonesia’s tobacco market through its local subsidiary, Sampoerna — ushered in a new age of foreign expansion. In 2009, British American Tobacco purchased Bentoel, a local tobacco company that is now Indonesia’s fourth largest, with around 7.5 percent market share.

According to Health Ministry officials, Indonesia’s fragmented government ministries often work at cross purposes when tackling the issue.

Because of the difficulty of making sweeping changes to tobacco control laws nationally, Indonesia tobacco control advocates are increasingly pushing for changes at the local and regional levels, where money from the Bloomberg Initiative comes in handy.

Dr. Theresia Sandra, a specialist in chronic lung disease at the Health Ministry, credits the Bloomberg Initiative with helping local governments counter the influence of big tobacco. The group “builds organizations to balance against the strength of industry and opens local governments to the necessity of protecting their communities,” Dr. Sandra said.

In one national success, the Indonesian government, with help from the Bloomberg Initiative, passed a law in 2014 requiring manufacturers to put warning labels on cigarette packaging.

The tobacco fight in Indonesia, the world’s most populous Muslim nation, even extends to the country’s most powerful Muslim organizations, and shows just how central the issue is for society and the economy.

Muhammadiyah, Indonesia’s second-largest Muslim organization, became the first major Muslim group in the country to issue an edict declaring that smoking is forbidden in all circumstances, citing smoking’s devastating consequences to public health.

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The 2010 decision was significant: Muhammadiyah operates thousands of schools, universities and hospitals around the country. Almost overnight, those places became smoke-free zones.

But the Indonesian media quickly pounced on a funding detail. Posted on the Bloomberg Initiative’s website was a $393,000 grant to Muhammadiyah in 2009. According to Bloomberg’s website at the time, the grant sought “the issuance and dissemination of religious advice on the dangers of tobacco use among Muhammadiyah/Islamic institutions.”

Critics accused Muhammadiyah of seeking to unite Muslim opinion against tobacco in return for the grant money.

Dr. Sudibyo Markus, who led Muhammadiyah’s health department at the time, said there had never been any quid pro quo.

Meanwhile, religious leaders affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah’s main rival, criticized Muhammadiyah for supposedly bowing to Bloomberg’s money. But Nahdlatul Ulama, which does not view smoking as forbidden in most circumstances, receives funding from the foundation wing of Djarum, Indonesia’s third-largest tobacco company.

The group’s vice chairman, Maksum Mahfudh, said there was “no relationship whatsoever” between the funding and its decision that it would not forbid smoking. He added that moving “drastically” against tobacco would impoverish the farmers and sellers who are “grass-roots people of N.U.”

For now, the two sides appear to have fought to a draw. After steadily rising for a decade, the smoking rate has plateaued, according to the Indonesian Family Life Survey, funded by the United States National Institutes of Health, that was released in April.

Still, Philip Morris International remains optimistic about Indonesia. In a February conference call with investors, André Calantzopoulos, the chief executive officer, said Indonesia remained a good bet.

“We remain optimistic about the profit growth opportunities in this key market thanks to its growing adult population and rising income levels,” he told them

Vietnamese tobacco firm banned from producing cigarettes of Indonesian brands

Mar 28th, 2016

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http://tuoitrenews.vn/business/33990/vietnamese-tobacco-firm-banned-from-producing-cigarettes-of-indonesian-brands

Vietnam’s Ministry of Science and Technology has barred a Vietnamese cigarette producer from registering and producing two brands of an Indonesian tobacco company, citing its recent document sent to the Government Office and the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

The document states that the Science and Technology Ministry disapproves of Vietnam National Tobacco Corporation (Vinataba) registering JET and HERO – two products of Sumatra Tobacco Trading Company (STTC) – as the North Sumatra-based firm had objected to such a move.

In July 2015, Vinataba’s leader, via a lawyer, claimed in a proposal to the national office of intellectual property that STTC had not registered the trademarks in Vietnam for the past five years without reason, thus requesting to register the aforementioned, the ministry said.

The Vietnamese company also said it would produce the two types of cigarettes or their equivalents, reasoning that the two brands are contraband goods in Vietnam and STTC is involved in an illegal trade, the ministry added.

But the proposal was denied due to a lack of evidence that proved STTC was involved in smuggling, notwithstanding the fact that smuggling is not a legal ground to force the firm to cancel its trademarks since the products are officially retailed by its partner in Vietnam, namely Southern Airports Services Joint Stock Company.

The Science and Technology Ministry thus “granted no approval to the trademark cancelation proposal by Vinataba.”

A spokesperson of the industry-trade ministry said that Vinataba has little to no chance to register JET and HERO, adding that the firm would produce none of the brands, stating that such products are manufactured only after the trademark registration has been done.

The two brands are not the cause of tobacco smuggling in Vietnam, the Indonesian company asserted.

JET and HERO products account for more than 90 percent of the contraband cigarette market in Vietnam, according to the Vietnam Tobacco Association.

Both of the products breach a number of regulations on tobacco management stipulated by Vietnamese law, the association said.

JET and HERO brands are sold without the picture-based health warning, place and year of manufacture, nor the expiration date.

The toxicity of the two products is also far higher than the rates allowed by the Vietnamese Ministry of Health.

It is estimated that smoking will cause sickness or early death in 2.3 million Vietnamese even if they only smoke one cigarette a day.

Cigarette trafficking occurs at the Vietnam-Cambodia border gates including Svayrieng in Long An Province, Bavet and Moc Bai in Tay Ninh Province, and Ta Mau Kirivong and Xa Xia in Tay Ninh, domestic newswire VietnamNet revealed.

In 2013, 21.9 billion untaxed and illegal cigarettes were smuggled into Vietnam, said a report by Oxford Economics and the International Tax and Investment Center in September 2014.

A 2013 report by the Vietnam Tobacco Association showed that the country consumed a total of 4.174 billion packs of cigarettes in 2012.

Activists: Jokowi, Kalla bowing to tobacco interests

Dec 29th, 2015

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http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/12/29/activists-jokowi-kalla-bowing-tobacco-interests.html

(From left to right) Muhammadiyah deputy chairman Sudibyo Markus, Human Rights Working Group executive director Rafendi Djamin, Indonesia Institute for Social Development program manager Deni Wahyudi Kurniawan, Ifdhal Kasim from the National Coalition of Civil Society for Tobacco Control and Raya Indonesia director Hery Chariansyah speak at a press conference on tobacco control in Jakarta on Tuesday. (thejakartapost.com/Callistasia Anggun Wijaya)

Anti-tobacco campaigners have expressed their disappointment with the performance of President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo and Vice President Jusuf Kalla in stemming cigarette consumption, claiming the government had caved in to the interests of the powerful cigarette industry.

Ifdhal Kasim from the National Coalition of Civil Society for Tobacco Control said the government’s subordination to the industry reflected in the revision of the Industry Ministry’s roadmap for the tobacco industry, which targeted an increase of cigarette production by 5 – 7.4 percent per year.

“This roadmap will trigger an increase in consumption to 524 billion cigarettes by 2020, which is not in line with long-term plans announced by the government,” he said on Tuesday.

According to Ifdhal, the long-term development plan (RPJP) stipulated that government policy should always consider the social health impacts; therefore the revision of the roadmap contradicted the long-term development plan.

He said the government’s failure to control cigarette consumption was also seen in investment by global cigarette company Philip Morris, which had been welcomed by the government.

Such investment, he said, had triggered the change in policy regarding cigarette control and would also increase tobacco imports from supplying countries like China, India and Thailand. “Indonesia is a sexy market for tobacco-producing countries and the heaven of the cigarette industry, because it is so easy to market cigarettes in Indonesia,” Ifdhal said.

Meanwhile, Hery Chariansyah, director of NGO Raya Indonesia, slammed the government for failing to curb the progress of the tobacco industry in Indonesia in 2015.

“The government appears not to be protecting the public’s health against the negative impact of cigarettes. The Jokowi-Kalla administration also seemed to have deviated far from the development principles promised in their election campaign,” said Hery.

The tobacco bill, scheduled to be deliberated at the House of Representatives next year according to the national legislation program, also indicated the government’s powerlessness in keeping tobacco industry interests out of the bill, according to Hery.

Ifdhal, however, still expressed hope that the government may carry out significant steps next year to reduce cigarette consumption.

“One of the ways to control tobacco consumption is by ratifying the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). FCTC is the technical instrument which will help Indonesia control cigarette consumption,” he said.

Hery agreed with Ifdhal, saying that “one-thirds of males in Indonesia between the age of 15 and 19 are smokers”. This condition will lead to a demographic disaster. People of the productive age are prone to various kinds of sicknesses because of cigarettes. The government has to stop selling its people to the cigarette companies.” (bbn)

– See more at: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/12/29/activists-jokowi-kalla-bowing-tobacco-interests.html#sthash.7mI0c62D.dpuf

Kenya: Lighting Up

Dec 25th, 2015

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http://www.westfieldtimes.com/world/kenya-lighting-up/16702/

Last year, the British parliament, despite fierce lobbying from tobacco companies, decided that from May 2016 cigarettes would be sold only in plain packaging in the UK.

Anti-smoking campaigners in that country were quick to declare it as the latest nail in the coffin of an industry that has seen consumption of its products shrink inexorably in the West over the past three decades.

But while it is true that health concerns, public education, and increasingly stringent controls on the advertising, sale and use of tobacco have brought about that decline in North America and Europe, anyone thinking to write the obituary of Big Tobacco had better think again, because elsewhere in the world, especially in the developing world, smoking is increasing dramatically.

Nearly 80 percent of the world’s one billion smokers now live in low- and middle-income countries, a figure that continues to rise year on year. In China, for example, an estimated 350 million adults are hooked on tobacco; smoking in Indonesia has more than quadrupled in the past four decades; and in Russia around a third of all teenagers will have tried their first cigarette by age 12.

But it is Africa that is probably most critical to the long-term future of the multinational tobacco firms, because it is relatively unexploited. For all the continent’s other woes, Africa has traditionally had some of the lowest smoking rates in the world, largely because most people can’t afford it. That, though, is now changing as parts of the continent become more prosperous, disposable incomes increase and populations mushroom.

It has become an enticing target for a profit-hungry industry as other routes to growth have been closed off by rules, directives and worries about life-threatening diseases.

With the most smokers in sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya is one of the biggest prizes on offer.

The problem for the industry is that Kenyan health officials are as aware as anyone else about the dreadful menace smoking poses to their nation’s health. Kenya was the first African nation to ratify the World Health Organization’s Convention on Tobacco Control. One of its key sections, Article 5.3, says that countries must “protect their tobacco control and public health policies from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry”.

It gave officials the impetus to work with legislators on drafting strict regulations. These include putting graphic images on cigarette packets, banning advertising, promotion and sponsorship of tobacco and the imposition of a 2 percent health tax on every packet.

Professor Peter Odhiambo, chairman of the Tobacco Control Board, said: “We are already sitting on an epidemic of the cancers from tobacco. The tobacco problem is the most silent undeclared disaster in Kenya and therefore the more we delay the more we will see Kenyans dying.”

But as investigative journalist Purity Mwambia and filmmaker Giovanni Ulleri have been finding out, the industry hasn’t been slow to fight back, going to court in Kenya to argue about the legality of the rules and the proposed timetable for their introduction.

And now, most recently, disturbing allegations about the bribery of government figures have begun to emerge.

FILMMAKER’S VIEW

By Giovanni Ulleri

Around the town of Migori, beside the dusty country roads, you’ll find them: groups of farmers sharing a social moment away from their football pitch-sized plots of tobacco. Here, in one of the most important agricultural regions in Kenya, tobacco is king but, as I discovered in making Lighting Up, this is a crop that demands a high price from those who grow it and those who smoke it.

When I got a phone call from my former boss over the summer about me directing a film on tobacco in Kenya, I hesitated before saying yes. Not because I didn’t want to do it, but because of a potential conflict of interest; I was a former smoker – and in my eyes, once a smoker, always a smoker.

I was fully aware of all the known cancer risks of smoking and I had tried to quit many times over the years, but like most addicts I kept falling off the wagon and stealing a cigarette from friends. I had starting smoking as a stupid act of rebellion as a teenager behind the bike sheds at school and here I was heading off to Kenya to see how they have been trying to prevent other youngsters from doing what I did – lighting their first cigarette and starting down a path that could eventually lead to an untimely death.

On arriving in Nairobi and meeting up with my colleague Purity Mwambia, the first thing I noticed walking around the streets was how few people smoked in public.

Unlike any high street in the UK, where you see smokers huddled up in doorways of offices and in the cold and rain trying to light up, here in Kenya you are allowed to smoke only in designated smoking zones which, I imagine, makes the city centre of Nairobi one of the largest no-smoking zones in the world.

There’s even a 50,000 Kenyan shilling ($490) fine if you are caught smoking outside these zones. But despite this, eight billion cigarettes are smoked in Kenya every year and the government is trying to introduce new regulations to try to prevent what it fears is just around the corner: a veritable host of tobacco-related diseases.

However tobacco companies view Africa as one of their largest growing markets.

They are eager to keep their market share and to persuade policymakers, not to penalise them. We spoke to a young MP, Stephen Mule, who sits on the Kenyan parliamentary health committee. He told us that he was offered an expenses-paid fact-finding trip to the UK from Kenya’s largest tobacco manufacturer, British American Tobacco. What BAT didn’t know was that Mule’s father had died of a tobacco-related disease and nothing would ever weaken his resolve to introduce strict tobacco control regulations back home.

I also met his mother, who told me how she looked after her dying husband and how she tried to get him to stop smoking. She is rightly proud of her son, whose aim is to stop other Kenyan families from suffering the way his family did caring for a smoker.

But everyone involved in tobacco regulation in Kenya knows they have a fight on their hands. They are up against a rich and powerful industry, battle-scarred from years of similar confrontations in Europe and the US and determined to protect its burgeoning African businesses from government interference.

The more we began to look into this story, the more we began to realise exactly what that determination meant in practice.

Nearly a year after outdoor tobacco ad ban went into effect, cigarette billboards go down in Mampang

Nov 18th, 2015

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http://jakarta.coconuts.co/2015/11/18/nearly-year-after-outdoor-tobacco-ad-ban-went-effect-cigarette-billboards-go-down-mampang

Yes, this is a real billboard ad that was once used in Jakarta

On January 7, Governor Basuki “Ahok” Tjahaja Purnama signed into law a regulation banning outdoor advertising for cigarettes and other tobacco products. If you were unaware of the new regulation, we wouldn’t be surprised, given the numerous cigarette ads that still seem to be found in every corner of the capital.

But progress is in fact being made on enforcing the regulation, with Civil Service Police Officers (Satpol PP) in Mampang Prapatan, South Jakarta, starting to take down a number cigarette billboards this week.

Mampang Prapatan Satpol PP head Asril Rizal said the cigarette billboards that were being taken down were those whose licenses had already expired. Ahok’s regulation allowed cigarette billboards to stay up until their licenses were up but does not allow them to be renewed.

However, Asril said that even those billboards that still have valid licenses will go down by the end of 2015, as the city should be completely free of outdoor cigarette ads by next year.

“Later at the end of December we will organize [more takedowns] as well. Because according to the governor’s regulation, beginning in January 2016 there should no longer be cigarette billboards in Jakarta,” he said as quoted by Kompas.

Indonesia’s Shame: Documentary shows SHOCKING images of Indonesian children addicted to cigarettes

Nov 9th, 2015

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http://jakarta.coconuts.co/2015/11/09/indonesias-shame-documentary-shows-shocking-images-indonesian-children-addicted

Seeing Indonesian children smoking unfortunately isn’t such a shock to us anymore. After all, Indonesia is home to Aldi, arguably the most famous smoking baby in the world, who, for all the wrong reasons, became a viral sensation and was even featured on HBO’s “Last Week With John Oliver”.

But Aldi’s case is just one snapshot of a much bigger problem of underage smoking in Indonesia.

The mini-documentary above, which comes to us from Seeker Stories, manages to provide greater insight into the magnitude of the problem. It showcases the work of Canadian photojournalist Michelle Siu, who travelled to Jakarta to snap photos of children – from teenagers to those as young as four – who are hooked on cigarettes.

In addition to the damning stories about boys throwing tantrums if they don’t get their fix, or how almost all the Indonesian men addicted to cigarettes started smoking before the age of 19, what really makes these images so shocking is how these small children appear so at ease with lit cigarettes in their hands, as if they’re seasoned smokers.

As Siu writes on her website, “Young smokers begin the cycle of addiction but at a health cost for generations to come. The juxtaposition of young boys smoking like seasoned addicts is jarring yet this project is intended to not only shock and inform viewers but to demonstrate the lack of enforcement of national health regulations and to question the country’s dated relationship with tobacco.”

Sadly, there seems to be little in the way of new tobacco regulations in Indonesia to prevent children from smoking. The government at least added graphic warning on cigarette packs, but ours are arguably quite tame by comparison to the graphic warnings in other countries.

Meanwhile, tobacco advertisements and sponsorship are still plentiful and underage smoking is still a common sight. Indonesia has still got a long way to go and some very powerful tobacco companies to beat if it’s ever going to quit its addiction to the world’s deadliest drug.

To view Michelle Siu’s ‘Marlboro Boys’ photo series on Indonesian children smoking, visit her
website at http://www.michellesiu.com

Billboards with cigarette ads to be dismantled in Indonesia

Oct 19th, 2015

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http://www.tobaccoreporter.com/2015/10/billboards-with-cigarette-ads-to-be-dismantled-in-indonesia/

Billboards that advertise cigarettes and are displayed around schools in North Jakarta, Indonesia, will be dismantled in the near future, according to a story in the daily Tempo.

Mustafa Kemal, head of North Jakarta Education Sub-Department Regional I, stated that the existence of such billboards is unethical and could potentially influence students to smoke.

“If there are students caught smoking, either inside or outside of schools during school hours, they will be sanctioned,” he said.

Such sanctions would include summoning a child’s parents and revoking their Jakarta Smart Card.

71 tonnes of illicit loose leaf tobacco worth $40 million seized

Oct 16th, 2015

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http://www.stockandland.com.au/story/3427152/71-tonnes-of-illicit-loose-leaf-tobacco-worth-40-million-seized/?cs=4770

Some of the 71 tonnes of illicit tobacco seized by Australian customs officials in June. Photo: Paul Bibby

It was, as one observer remarked wryly, “a lot of smokes” – 88 million in fact.

In the largest operation of its kind in Australian history, customs officers have intercepted 71 tonnes of loose leaf tobacco being smuggled into Australia from Indonesia.

The haul has a black market value of $40 million and would have cost Australia more than $27 million in lost tax revenue had it hit the streets.

The seizure was the result of an operation involving co-operation between Australian and Indonesian investigators that had led to 47 tonnes of the illicit product being seized in two containers in Sydney in June, the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, Peter Dutton, said on Friday.

A third shipment of 24 tonnes was then seized by Indonesian authorities before it could be smuggled into Australia.

Seventy-one tonnes is the equivalent of 88 million cigarettes or 3.5 million packets.

“This tobacco would have cost Australia over $27 million in legitimate tax revenue if it had been successfully smuggled into the country and sold here,” Mr Dutton said.

“There are clear links to organised crime and we know that groups smuggling illicit tobacco into Australia are also involved in other illegal activities such as narcotics.”

He said a new strike force of 16 dedicated officers would be set up to target crime syndicates smuggling illicit tobacco into the country.

10 years after ban, smoking continues in 70% of public places

Sep 29th, 2015

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http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/09/29/10-years-after-ban-smoking-continues-70-public-places.html

A smoking ban has been in place since 2005 in the capital city, but cigarette smokers still puff in 70 percent of public places where smoking is prohibited, the results of recent research showed.

The research, carried out between 2014 and 2015 at 1,550 places in Jakarta by the Jakarta Smoke Free Coalition, said 1,085 places ignored the smoking ban.

Jakarta Smoke Free Coalition coordinator Dollaries Riauaty Suhadi said on Tuesday that the researchers found people smoking in schools, offices, restaurants, houses of worship, healthcare centers, hotels, shopping malls and other indoor facilities where smoking is prohibited under the city bylaw on air pollution control.

During the data collection, the researchers found various indications that certain places still allowed people to smoke, including cigarette ash, ashtrays and cigarette smoke odor.

“All those indicators showed that there were still violations against the smoking ban regulations because in those places, smoking is prohibited,” said Dollaries as reported by kompas.com.

The smoking ban is stipulated in City Bylaw No. 2/2005 on air pollution control, which is elaborated in Gubernatorial Regulation No. 75/2005 on smoking ban areas and Gubernatorial Regulation No. 50/2012 on the supervision, monitoring and law enforcement of smoking ban areas.

Under the bylaw, violators face six months in jail or a Rp 50 million fine.